On the long-time asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation with step-like initial data

We study the long-time asymptotics for the solution of the modified Camassa–Holm (mCH) equation with step-like initial data. \begin{align*} &m_{t}+\left (m\left (u^{2}-u_{x}^{2}\right )\right )_{x}=0, \quad m=u-u_{xx}, \\[3pt] & {u(x,0)=u_0(x)\to \left \{ \begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} 1/c_+,...

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Main Authors: Engui Fan, Gaozhan Li, Yiling Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press
Series:European Journal of Applied Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0956792525000178/type/journal_article
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author Engui Fan
Gaozhan Li
Yiling Yang
author_facet Engui Fan
Gaozhan Li
Yiling Yang
author_sort Engui Fan
collection DOAJ
description We study the long-time asymptotics for the solution of the modified Camassa–Holm (mCH) equation with step-like initial data. \begin{align*} &m_{t}+\left (m\left (u^{2}-u_{x}^{2}\right )\right )_{x}=0, \quad m=u-u_{xx}, \\[3pt] & {u(x,0)=u_0(x)\to \left \{ \begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} 1/c_+, &\ x\to +\infty, \\[3pt] 1/c_-, &\ x\to -\infty, \end{array}\right .} \end{align*} where $c_+$ and $c_-$ are two positive constants. It is shown that the solution of the step-like initial problem can be characterised via the solution of a matrix Riemann–Hilbert (RH) problem in the new scale $(y,t)$ . A double coordinate $(\xi, c)$ with $c=c_+/c_-$ is adopted to divide the half-plane $\{ (\xi, c)\,:\, \xi \in \mathbb{R}, \ c\gt 0, \ \xi =y/t\}$ into four asymptotic regions. Further applying the Deift–Zhou steepest descent method, we derive the long-time asymptotic expansions of the solution $u(y,t)$ in different space-time regions with appropriate g-functions. The corresponding leading asymptotic approximations are given with the slow/fast decay step-like background wave in genus-0 regions and elliptic waves in genus-2 regions. The second term of the asymptotics is characterised by the Airy function or parabolic cylinder model. Their residual error order is $\mathcal{O}(t^{-2})$ or $\mathcal{O}(t^{-1})$ , respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-9adfb8a7eb0840ed8a3b5830248f4bbc2025-08-20T02:24:59ZengCambridge University PressEuropean Journal of Applied Mathematics0956-79251469-442514410.1017/S0956792525000178On the long-time asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation with step-like initial dataEngui Fan0Gaozhan Li1Yiling Yang2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6628-4745School of Mathematical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Mathematics for Nonlinear Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. ChinaSchool of Mathematical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Mathematics for Nonlinear Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. ChinaCollege of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. ChinaWe study the long-time asymptotics for the solution of the modified Camassa–Holm (mCH) equation with step-like initial data. \begin{align*} &m_{t}+\left (m\left (u^{2}-u_{x}^{2}\right )\right )_{x}=0, \quad m=u-u_{xx}, \\[3pt] & {u(x,0)=u_0(x)\to \left \{ \begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} 1/c_+, &\ x\to +\infty, \\[3pt] 1/c_-, &\ x\to -\infty, \end{array}\right .} \end{align*} where $c_+$ and $c_-$ are two positive constants. It is shown that the solution of the step-like initial problem can be characterised via the solution of a matrix Riemann–Hilbert (RH) problem in the new scale $(y,t)$ . A double coordinate $(\xi, c)$ with $c=c_+/c_-$ is adopted to divide the half-plane $\{ (\xi, c)\,:\, \xi \in \mathbb{R}, \ c\gt 0, \ \xi =y/t\}$ into four asymptotic regions. Further applying the Deift–Zhou steepest descent method, we derive the long-time asymptotic expansions of the solution $u(y,t)$ in different space-time regions with appropriate g-functions. The corresponding leading asymptotic approximations are given with the slow/fast decay step-like background wave in genus-0 regions and elliptic waves in genus-2 regions. The second term of the asymptotics is characterised by the Airy function or parabolic cylinder model. Their residual error order is $\mathcal{O}(t^{-2})$ or $\mathcal{O}(t^{-1})$ , respectively.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0956792525000178/type/journal_articlemodified Camassa–Holm equationstep-like initial dataRiemann–Hilbert problemlong-time asymptoticsairy function35Q1541A6037K1535C20
spellingShingle Engui Fan
Gaozhan Li
Yiling Yang
On the long-time asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation with step-like initial data
European Journal of Applied Mathematics
modified Camassa–Holm equation
step-like initial data
Riemann–Hilbert problem
long-time asymptotics
airy function
35Q15
41A60
37K15
35C20
title On the long-time asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation with step-like initial data
title_full On the long-time asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation with step-like initial data
title_fullStr On the long-time asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation with step-like initial data
title_full_unstemmed On the long-time asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation with step-like initial data
title_short On the long-time asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation with step-like initial data
title_sort on the long time asymptotics of the modified camassa holm equation with step like initial data
topic modified Camassa–Holm equation
step-like initial data
Riemann–Hilbert problem
long-time asymptotics
airy function
35Q15
41A60
37K15
35C20
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0956792525000178/type/journal_article
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