The Utilization of Specialist Palliative Care and Other Health Care Services at the End of Life Among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Abstract Introduction The end of life of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is plagued by significant morbidity and high symptom burden, emphasizing the need for palliative care. Our aim was to evaluate the utilization of health care services, including specialist palliative care (SPC), among...

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Main Authors: Martti Merikari, Outi Akrén, Mikko Nuutinen, Antti Mäkitie, Tiina Saarto, Timo Carpén
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Adis, Springer Healthcare 2025-04-01
Series:Oncology and Therapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40487-025-00335-5
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author Martti Merikari
Outi Akrén
Mikko Nuutinen
Antti Mäkitie
Tiina Saarto
Timo Carpén
author_facet Martti Merikari
Outi Akrén
Mikko Nuutinen
Antti Mäkitie
Tiina Saarto
Timo Carpén
author_sort Martti Merikari
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction The end of life of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is plagued by significant morbidity and high symptom burden, emphasizing the need for palliative care. Our aim was to evaluate the utilization of health care services, including specialist palliative care (SPC), among patients with HNC at the end of life. In addition, we wanted to explore the timing of SPC contact on the utilization of health care services at the end of life. Methods The study population consisted of all 281 patients who died of HNC in 2019 in Finland. Data were collected from nationwide registries. Patients were divided into two groups according to the timing of their first contact with an SPC unit: early (> 30 days before death), and late/no (≤ 30 days before death or no contact). Results Mean age at death was 72 years, and 66% were male. The hospital was the most common place of death (82%). Ninety-three (33%) patients had contact with an SPC unit, and the median time of the first SPC contact was 62 days before death. Comparing those with early and late/no SPC contact, the early group was significantly associated with lower secondary health care hospitalization (31% vs. 53%; p = 0.002) and emergency care utilization (33% vs. 52%; p = 0.006) during the last month of life. The early SPC group was also associated with higher utilization of home care (52% vs. 36%; p = 0.021), SPC outpatient clinic (24% vs. 5%; p < 0.001), SPC ward (22% vs. 4%; p < 0.001), and palliative hospital-at-home services (45% vs. 5%; p < 0.001) during the last month of life. Among patients with the early SPC contact, SPC ward was significantly more likely to be the place of death (18% vs. 4%, p < 0.001) compared with patients with late/no SPC contact. Conclusion Patients with HNC utilize health care services at high rates at the end of life. Early SPC contact is associated with increased SPC service use and decreased utilization of secondary health care and emergency care, highlighting the need for early and greater access to SPC services for patients with HNC.
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spelling doaj-art-9abff95b615548ae94e56220e23839b32025-08-20T03:10:27ZengAdis, Springer HealthcareOncology and Therapy2366-10702366-10892025-04-0113239740810.1007/s40487-025-00335-5The Utilization of Specialist Palliative Care and Other Health Care Services at the End of Life Among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort StudyMartti Merikari0Outi Akrén1Mikko Nuutinen2Antti Mäkitie3Tiina Saarto4Timo Carpén5Department of Palliative Care, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSDepartment of Palliative Care, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSNordic Healthcare GroupResearch Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Palliative Care, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSDepartment of Palliative Care, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSAbstract Introduction The end of life of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is plagued by significant morbidity and high symptom burden, emphasizing the need for palliative care. Our aim was to evaluate the utilization of health care services, including specialist palliative care (SPC), among patients with HNC at the end of life. In addition, we wanted to explore the timing of SPC contact on the utilization of health care services at the end of life. Methods The study population consisted of all 281 patients who died of HNC in 2019 in Finland. Data were collected from nationwide registries. Patients were divided into two groups according to the timing of their first contact with an SPC unit: early (> 30 days before death), and late/no (≤ 30 days before death or no contact). Results Mean age at death was 72 years, and 66% were male. The hospital was the most common place of death (82%). Ninety-three (33%) patients had contact with an SPC unit, and the median time of the first SPC contact was 62 days before death. Comparing those with early and late/no SPC contact, the early group was significantly associated with lower secondary health care hospitalization (31% vs. 53%; p = 0.002) and emergency care utilization (33% vs. 52%; p = 0.006) during the last month of life. The early SPC group was also associated with higher utilization of home care (52% vs. 36%; p = 0.021), SPC outpatient clinic (24% vs. 5%; p < 0.001), SPC ward (22% vs. 4%; p < 0.001), and palliative hospital-at-home services (45% vs. 5%; p < 0.001) during the last month of life. Among patients with the early SPC contact, SPC ward was significantly more likely to be the place of death (18% vs. 4%, p < 0.001) compared with patients with late/no SPC contact. Conclusion Patients with HNC utilize health care services at high rates at the end of life. Early SPC contact is associated with increased SPC service use and decreased utilization of secondary health care and emergency care, highlighting the need for early and greater access to SPC services for patients with HNC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40487-025-00335-5Specialist palliative carePalliative careEnd of lifeHead and neck cancerHealth care utilization
spellingShingle Martti Merikari
Outi Akrén
Mikko Nuutinen
Antti Mäkitie
Tiina Saarto
Timo Carpén
The Utilization of Specialist Palliative Care and Other Health Care Services at the End of Life Among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Oncology and Therapy
Specialist palliative care
Palliative care
End of life
Head and neck cancer
Health care utilization
title The Utilization of Specialist Palliative Care and Other Health Care Services at the End of Life Among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
title_full The Utilization of Specialist Palliative Care and Other Health Care Services at the End of Life Among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
title_fullStr The Utilization of Specialist Palliative Care and Other Health Care Services at the End of Life Among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed The Utilization of Specialist Palliative Care and Other Health Care Services at the End of Life Among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
title_short The Utilization of Specialist Palliative Care and Other Health Care Services at the End of Life Among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
title_sort utilization of specialist palliative care and other health care services at the end of life among patients with head and neck cancer a nationwide cohort study
topic Specialist palliative care
Palliative care
End of life
Head and neck cancer
Health care utilization
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40487-025-00335-5
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