Synthesis of β‐Alanine From Isoleucine and Propionate Catabolism via Aminotransferases
ABSTRACT In plants, the nonproteinogenic amino acid β‐alanine plays a role in response to hypoxia, flooding, drought, heat, and heavy metal stress conditions. It is also a key intermediate in the synthesis of essential molecules including vitamin B5 and coenzyme A (CoA) through the condensation reac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Plant Direct |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70030 |
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| author | Margo H. Goldfarb Joseph Boesel Kai C. Wilczewski‐Shirai Peter Reinhart Trenton Scherger Chloe Webb Morgan Newlun Kerry A. Rouhier |
| author_facet | Margo H. Goldfarb Joseph Boesel Kai C. Wilczewski‐Shirai Peter Reinhart Trenton Scherger Chloe Webb Morgan Newlun Kerry A. Rouhier |
| author_sort | Margo H. Goldfarb |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT In plants, the nonproteinogenic amino acid β‐alanine plays a role in response to hypoxia, flooding, drought, heat, and heavy metal stress conditions. It is also a key intermediate in the synthesis of essential molecules including vitamin B5 and coenzyme A (CoA) through the condensation reaction with pantoate. While the syntheses of pantoate, vitamin B5, and CoA appear to be conserved across plants and bacteria, the synthesis of β‐alanine is not. Bacteria and fungi use aspartate, whereas plants can use uracil, spermidine, or propionate to synthesize β‐alanine. Given that these three precursors can be formed from the metabolism of glutamine, arginine, isoleucine, and valine, the synthesis of β‐alanine could be linked to numerous pathways. Studies of valine catabolism in Arabidopsis suggested that some branched‐chain amino acids could in fact serve as precursors for the synthesis of β‐alanine. Using GC–MS and isotopically labeled isoleucine and propionate, we linked their metabolism to the synthesis of β‐alanine via a proposed transamination of malonate semialdehyde. We then identified three aminotransferases that each catalyzed this final reversible transamination reaction. These results affirm our hypothesis that isoleucine metabolism is also linked to the synthesis of β‐alanine via the transamination of metabolic intermediates. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9abb30915f3447dbb1e67df14a4a15ad |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2475-4455 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plant Direct |
| spelling | doaj-art-9abb30915f3447dbb1e67df14a4a15ad2024-12-27T03:50:28ZengWileyPlant Direct2475-44552024-12-01812n/an/a10.1002/pld3.70030Synthesis of β‐Alanine From Isoleucine and Propionate Catabolism via AminotransferasesMargo H. Goldfarb0Joseph Boesel1Kai C. Wilczewski‐Shirai2Peter Reinhart3Trenton Scherger4Chloe Webb5Morgan Newlun6Kerry A. Rouhier7Department of Chemistry Kenyon College Gambier Ohio USADepartment of Chemistry Kenyon College Gambier Ohio USADepartment of Chemistry Kenyon College Gambier Ohio USADepartment of Chemistry Kenyon College Gambier Ohio USADepartment of Chemistry Kenyon College Gambier Ohio USADepartment of Chemistry Kenyon College Gambier Ohio USADepartment of Chemistry Kenyon College Gambier Ohio USADepartment of Chemistry Kenyon College Gambier Ohio USAABSTRACT In plants, the nonproteinogenic amino acid β‐alanine plays a role in response to hypoxia, flooding, drought, heat, and heavy metal stress conditions. It is also a key intermediate in the synthesis of essential molecules including vitamin B5 and coenzyme A (CoA) through the condensation reaction with pantoate. While the syntheses of pantoate, vitamin B5, and CoA appear to be conserved across plants and bacteria, the synthesis of β‐alanine is not. Bacteria and fungi use aspartate, whereas plants can use uracil, spermidine, or propionate to synthesize β‐alanine. Given that these three precursors can be formed from the metabolism of glutamine, arginine, isoleucine, and valine, the synthesis of β‐alanine could be linked to numerous pathways. Studies of valine catabolism in Arabidopsis suggested that some branched‐chain amino acids could in fact serve as precursors for the synthesis of β‐alanine. Using GC–MS and isotopically labeled isoleucine and propionate, we linked their metabolism to the synthesis of β‐alanine via a proposed transamination of malonate semialdehyde. We then identified three aminotransferases that each catalyzed this final reversible transamination reaction. These results affirm our hypothesis that isoleucine metabolism is also linked to the synthesis of β‐alanine via the transamination of metabolic intermediates.https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70030aminotransferasearabidopsispropionate (or propionyl‐CoA)β‐Alanine |
| spellingShingle | Margo H. Goldfarb Joseph Boesel Kai C. Wilczewski‐Shirai Peter Reinhart Trenton Scherger Chloe Webb Morgan Newlun Kerry A. Rouhier Synthesis of β‐Alanine From Isoleucine and Propionate Catabolism via Aminotransferases Plant Direct aminotransferase arabidopsis propionate (or propionyl‐CoA) β‐Alanine |
| title | Synthesis of β‐Alanine From Isoleucine and Propionate Catabolism via Aminotransferases |
| title_full | Synthesis of β‐Alanine From Isoleucine and Propionate Catabolism via Aminotransferases |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of β‐Alanine From Isoleucine and Propionate Catabolism via Aminotransferases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of β‐Alanine From Isoleucine and Propionate Catabolism via Aminotransferases |
| title_short | Synthesis of β‐Alanine From Isoleucine and Propionate Catabolism via Aminotransferases |
| title_sort | synthesis of β alanine from isoleucine and propionate catabolism via aminotransferases |
| topic | aminotransferase arabidopsis propionate (or propionyl‐CoA) β‐Alanine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70030 |
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