Epidemiology and genetic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Fujian Province, China, from 2023 to 2024

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is associated with reproductive disorders, respiratory diseases and slower growth rates. PRRSV mutation and recombination lead to the emergence and spread of novel strains, which brings challenges and complexity to clinical prevention and control....

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Main Authors: Long-Bin Kang, Qiu-Yong Chen, Bing He, Ren-Jie Wu, Jing-Li Qiu, Ru-Jing Chen, Xue-Min Wu, Long-Bai Wang, Lun-Jiang Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1634353/full
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author Long-Bin Kang
Long-Bin Kang
Qiu-Yong Chen
Qiu-Yong Chen
Bing He
Bing He
Ren-Jie Wu
Ren-Jie Wu
Jing-Li Qiu
Jing-Li Qiu
Ru-Jing Chen
Ru-Jing Chen
Xue-Min Wu
Xue-Min Wu
Long-Bai Wang
Long-Bai Wang
Lun-Jiang Zhou
Lun-Jiang Zhou
author_facet Long-Bin Kang
Long-Bin Kang
Qiu-Yong Chen
Qiu-Yong Chen
Bing He
Bing He
Ren-Jie Wu
Ren-Jie Wu
Jing-Li Qiu
Jing-Li Qiu
Ru-Jing Chen
Ru-Jing Chen
Xue-Min Wu
Xue-Min Wu
Long-Bai Wang
Long-Bai Wang
Lun-Jiang Zhou
Lun-Jiang Zhou
author_sort Long-Bin Kang
collection DOAJ
description Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is associated with reproductive disorders, respiratory diseases and slower growth rates. PRRSV mutation and recombination lead to the emergence and spread of novel strains, which brings challenges and complexity to clinical prevention and control. However, the epidemical characterization of PRRSV in Fujian is limited. In this study, 262 suspected PRRSV samples from 87 pig farms in Fujian Province, from 2023 to 2024 were collected to monitor the prevalence of PRRSV. Through RT-PCR detection and sequencing of the Nsp2 hypervariable region, ORF5, and ORF7 genes, an analysis of their genetic variation was conducted. The results revealed that the overall prevalence rate of PRRSV was 16.79% (44/262), PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 genotypes were co-prevalent in Fujian. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 gene identified 37 PRRSV strains, categorizing 1 as PRRSV-1, 36 as PRRSV-2, including 17 strains of NADC30-like subtype (45.95%), 9 strains of lineage 8 (24.32%), 7 strains of lineage 3 (18.92%), 2 strains of NADC34-like subtype (5.41%), and 1 strain of lineage 5 (2.70%). The main way of amino acid change of GP5 is a mutation, and some strains have a deletion. These changes are mainly observed in T cell, B cell epitope region, signal peptide region, and transmembrane region. The above results indicated that NADC30-like was the dominant circulating strain, followed by the HP-PRRSV strain in the farm. Moreover, genetic evolution analysis of the Nsp2 gene showed that the pattern of amino acid deletion between different lineages no longer seems to be applicable as a molecular marker for each lineage, and genetic diversity and recombination were commonly observed. Noteworthy, the identification of a novel independent subtype from the isolated strains indicates that the ORF7 gene also has genetic evolution, which requires us to pay attention to the genetic relationship of ORF7 between the wild strain and the vaccine strain. This study offers crucial insights into the evolutionary dynamics of PRRSV, thus providing a solid foundation for further research into PRRSV epidemiology and control strategies.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-9aab175e261e4c108f9786b8ac4d4cf42025-08-20T03:15:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-07-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16343531634353Epidemiology and genetic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Fujian Province, China, from 2023 to 2024Long-Bin Kang0Long-Bin Kang1Qiu-Yong Chen2Qiu-Yong Chen3Bing He4Bing He5Ren-Jie Wu6Ren-Jie Wu7Jing-Li Qiu8Jing-Li Qiu9Ru-Jing Chen10Ru-Jing Chen11Xue-Min Wu12Xue-Min Wu13Long-Bai Wang14Long-Bai Wang15Lun-Jiang Zhou16Lun-Jiang Zhou17Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, ChinaPorcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is associated with reproductive disorders, respiratory diseases and slower growth rates. PRRSV mutation and recombination lead to the emergence and spread of novel strains, which brings challenges and complexity to clinical prevention and control. However, the epidemical characterization of PRRSV in Fujian is limited. In this study, 262 suspected PRRSV samples from 87 pig farms in Fujian Province, from 2023 to 2024 were collected to monitor the prevalence of PRRSV. Through RT-PCR detection and sequencing of the Nsp2 hypervariable region, ORF5, and ORF7 genes, an analysis of their genetic variation was conducted. The results revealed that the overall prevalence rate of PRRSV was 16.79% (44/262), PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 genotypes were co-prevalent in Fujian. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 gene identified 37 PRRSV strains, categorizing 1 as PRRSV-1, 36 as PRRSV-2, including 17 strains of NADC30-like subtype (45.95%), 9 strains of lineage 8 (24.32%), 7 strains of lineage 3 (18.92%), 2 strains of NADC34-like subtype (5.41%), and 1 strain of lineage 5 (2.70%). The main way of amino acid change of GP5 is a mutation, and some strains have a deletion. These changes are mainly observed in T cell, B cell epitope region, signal peptide region, and transmembrane region. The above results indicated that NADC30-like was the dominant circulating strain, followed by the HP-PRRSV strain in the farm. Moreover, genetic evolution analysis of the Nsp2 gene showed that the pattern of amino acid deletion between different lineages no longer seems to be applicable as a molecular marker for each lineage, and genetic diversity and recombination were commonly observed. Noteworthy, the identification of a novel independent subtype from the isolated strains indicates that the ORF7 gene also has genetic evolution, which requires us to pay attention to the genetic relationship of ORF7 between the wild strain and the vaccine strain. This study offers crucial insights into the evolutionary dynamics of PRRSV, thus providing a solid foundation for further research into PRRSV epidemiology and control strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1634353/fullPRRSVprevalencegene evolutionNsp2ORF5ORF7
spellingShingle Long-Bin Kang
Long-Bin Kang
Qiu-Yong Chen
Qiu-Yong Chen
Bing He
Bing He
Ren-Jie Wu
Ren-Jie Wu
Jing-Li Qiu
Jing-Li Qiu
Ru-Jing Chen
Ru-Jing Chen
Xue-Min Wu
Xue-Min Wu
Long-Bai Wang
Long-Bai Wang
Lun-Jiang Zhou
Lun-Jiang Zhou
Epidemiology and genetic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Fujian Province, China, from 2023 to 2024
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
PRRSV
prevalence
gene evolution
Nsp2
ORF5
ORF7
title Epidemiology and genetic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Fujian Province, China, from 2023 to 2024
title_full Epidemiology and genetic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Fujian Province, China, from 2023 to 2024
title_fullStr Epidemiology and genetic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Fujian Province, China, from 2023 to 2024
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology and genetic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Fujian Province, China, from 2023 to 2024
title_short Epidemiology and genetic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Fujian Province, China, from 2023 to 2024
title_sort epidemiology and genetic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in fujian province china from 2023 to 2024
topic PRRSV
prevalence
gene evolution
Nsp2
ORF5
ORF7
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1634353/full
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