Concept mapping in STEM education: a meta-analysis of its impact on students’ achievement (2004–2023)

Abstract Concept mapping is a powerful educational tool that facilitates students' organization and integration of knowledge, leading to improved understanding and retention. Numerous studies have highlighted the potential of concept mapping to enhance students' achievement. However, compr...

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Main Authors: Xiao-Ming Wang, Jing-Lin Wang, Shu-Yan Xu, Si-Jie Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of STEM Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-025-00554-2
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author Xiao-Ming Wang
Jing-Lin Wang
Shu-Yan Xu
Si-Jie Xu
author_facet Xiao-Ming Wang
Jing-Lin Wang
Shu-Yan Xu
Si-Jie Xu
author_sort Xiao-Ming Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Concept mapping is a powerful educational tool that facilitates students' organization and integration of knowledge, leading to improved understanding and retention. Numerous studies have highlighted the potential of concept mapping to enhance students' achievement. However, comprehensive quantitative analyses focusing on its impact specifically in STEM education are limited. This meta-analysis synthesizes findings from 37 studies conducted between 2004 and 2023, identifying a moderate overall effect size of concept mapping on students' achievement in STEM disciplines (ES = 0.630). The analysis of six moderating variables (subject, educational level, duration of the experiment, concept map construction mode, learning equipment, and pedagogical approach) reveals that concept mapping is particularly effective in science and technology, with the greatest impact observed at the secondary education level. Interventions lasting between one week and one month yielded the most significant improvements in learning outcomes, especially when students independently constructed their concept maps. Both digital and paper-based tools demonstrated moderate and comparable effects on students' achievement. In addition, among various pedagogical approaches, contextual and inquiry-based pedagogical approaches are more effective when integrated into STEM education. This study provides recommendations for future research and practical implementation of concept mapping in educational contexts.
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series International Journal of STEM Education
spelling doaj-art-9aa8a715236d48788de4becaeefa849c2025-08-20T03:47:17ZengSpringerOpenInternational Journal of STEM Education2196-78222025-06-0112112010.1186/s40594-025-00554-2Concept mapping in STEM education: a meta-analysis of its impact on students’ achievement (2004–2023)Xiao-Ming Wang0Jing-Lin Wang1Shu-Yan Xu2Si-Jie Xu3Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal UniversityZhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal UniversityZhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal UniversityZhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal UniversityAbstract Concept mapping is a powerful educational tool that facilitates students' organization and integration of knowledge, leading to improved understanding and retention. Numerous studies have highlighted the potential of concept mapping to enhance students' achievement. However, comprehensive quantitative analyses focusing on its impact specifically in STEM education are limited. This meta-analysis synthesizes findings from 37 studies conducted between 2004 and 2023, identifying a moderate overall effect size of concept mapping on students' achievement in STEM disciplines (ES = 0.630). The analysis of six moderating variables (subject, educational level, duration of the experiment, concept map construction mode, learning equipment, and pedagogical approach) reveals that concept mapping is particularly effective in science and technology, with the greatest impact observed at the secondary education level. Interventions lasting between one week and one month yielded the most significant improvements in learning outcomes, especially when students independently constructed their concept maps. Both digital and paper-based tools demonstrated moderate and comparable effects on students' achievement. In addition, among various pedagogical approaches, contextual and inquiry-based pedagogical approaches are more effective when integrated into STEM education. This study provides recommendations for future research and practical implementation of concept mapping in educational contexts.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-025-00554-2Concept mappingSTEM educationStudents’ achievementMeta-analysis
spellingShingle Xiao-Ming Wang
Jing-Lin Wang
Shu-Yan Xu
Si-Jie Xu
Concept mapping in STEM education: a meta-analysis of its impact on students’ achievement (2004–2023)
International Journal of STEM Education
Concept mapping
STEM education
Students’ achievement
Meta-analysis
title Concept mapping in STEM education: a meta-analysis of its impact on students’ achievement (2004–2023)
title_full Concept mapping in STEM education: a meta-analysis of its impact on students’ achievement (2004–2023)
title_fullStr Concept mapping in STEM education: a meta-analysis of its impact on students’ achievement (2004–2023)
title_full_unstemmed Concept mapping in STEM education: a meta-analysis of its impact on students’ achievement (2004–2023)
title_short Concept mapping in STEM education: a meta-analysis of its impact on students’ achievement (2004–2023)
title_sort concept mapping in stem education a meta analysis of its impact on students achievement 2004 2023
topic Concept mapping
STEM education
Students’ achievement
Meta-analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-025-00554-2
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AT jinglinwang conceptmappinginstemeducationametaanalysisofitsimpactonstudentsachievement20042023
AT shuyanxu conceptmappinginstemeducationametaanalysisofitsimpactonstudentsachievement20042023
AT sijiexu conceptmappinginstemeducationametaanalysisofitsimpactonstudentsachievement20042023