Upcycling Scented Pandan Leaf Waste into High-Value Cellulose Nanocrystals via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Edible Film Reinforcement
This study aims to optimize the parameters for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from scented pandan leaf waste and to enhance the properties of edible films reinforced with CNC. The CNC extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (centra...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Benjamard Rattanamato Nattapong Kanha Prem Thongchai Kanyasiri Rakariyatham Wannaporn Klangpetch Sukhuntha Osiriphun Thunnop Laokuldilok |
| author_facet | Benjamard Rattanamato Nattapong Kanha Prem Thongchai Kanyasiri Rakariyatham Wannaporn Klangpetch Sukhuntha Osiriphun Thunnop Laokuldilok |
| author_sort | Benjamard Rattanamato |
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| description | This study aims to optimize the parameters for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from scented pandan leaf waste and to enhance the properties of edible films reinforced with CNC. The CNC extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (central composite design) by varying two independent variables, including amplitude (25.86% to 54.14%) and ultrasonication time (11.89 min to 33.11 min). The optimal extraction conditions were 50% amplitude and 30 min ultrasonication, providing CNCs with the highest extraction yield (29.85%), the smallest crystallite size (5.85 nm), and the highest crystallinity index (59.32%). The extracted CNCs showed favorable physicochemical properties, including a zeta potential of −33.95 mV, an average particle diameter of 91.81 nm, and a polydispersity index of 0.26. Moreover, sweet potato starch (SPS)-based films incorporating various CNC concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%) were fabricated. Increasing CNC concentrations improved key film properties, including thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, light transmittance, and color. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed hydrogen bonding, crystallinity, and uniform CNC distribution within the film as CNC content increased. These findings highlight ultrasound-assisted extraction as an efficient method for producing high-quality CNCs from pandan leaf waste, offering sustainable nanofillers to enhance biodegradable edible films. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9a9b76272cf8461bb108ab81f0e9b430 |
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| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-9a9b76272cf8461bb108ab81f0e9b4302025-08-20T02:24:47ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-04-01149152810.3390/foods14091528Upcycling Scented Pandan Leaf Waste into High-Value Cellulose Nanocrystals via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Edible Film ReinforcementBenjamard Rattanamato0Nattapong Kanha1Prem Thongchai2Kanyasiri Rakariyatham3Wannaporn Klangpetch4Sukhuntha Osiriphun5Thunnop Laokuldilok6Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandThis study aims to optimize the parameters for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from scented pandan leaf waste and to enhance the properties of edible films reinforced with CNC. The CNC extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (central composite design) by varying two independent variables, including amplitude (25.86% to 54.14%) and ultrasonication time (11.89 min to 33.11 min). The optimal extraction conditions were 50% amplitude and 30 min ultrasonication, providing CNCs with the highest extraction yield (29.85%), the smallest crystallite size (5.85 nm), and the highest crystallinity index (59.32%). The extracted CNCs showed favorable physicochemical properties, including a zeta potential of −33.95 mV, an average particle diameter of 91.81 nm, and a polydispersity index of 0.26. Moreover, sweet potato starch (SPS)-based films incorporating various CNC concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%) were fabricated. Increasing CNC concentrations improved key film properties, including thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, light transmittance, and color. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed hydrogen bonding, crystallinity, and uniform CNC distribution within the film as CNC content increased. These findings highlight ultrasound-assisted extraction as an efficient method for producing high-quality CNCs from pandan leaf waste, offering sustainable nanofillers to enhance biodegradable edible films.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1528scented pandan leavesultrasonic-assisted extractioncellulose nanocrystalsresponse surface methodologysweet potato starchstarch/CNC film |
| spellingShingle | Benjamard Rattanamato Nattapong Kanha Prem Thongchai Kanyasiri Rakariyatham Wannaporn Klangpetch Sukhuntha Osiriphun Thunnop Laokuldilok Upcycling Scented Pandan Leaf Waste into High-Value Cellulose Nanocrystals via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Edible Film Reinforcement Foods scented pandan leaves ultrasonic-assisted extraction cellulose nanocrystals response surface methodology sweet potato starch starch/CNC film |
| title | Upcycling Scented Pandan Leaf Waste into High-Value Cellulose Nanocrystals via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Edible Film Reinforcement |
| title_full | Upcycling Scented Pandan Leaf Waste into High-Value Cellulose Nanocrystals via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Edible Film Reinforcement |
| title_fullStr | Upcycling Scented Pandan Leaf Waste into High-Value Cellulose Nanocrystals via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Edible Film Reinforcement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Upcycling Scented Pandan Leaf Waste into High-Value Cellulose Nanocrystals via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Edible Film Reinforcement |
| title_short | Upcycling Scented Pandan Leaf Waste into High-Value Cellulose Nanocrystals via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Edible Film Reinforcement |
| title_sort | upcycling scented pandan leaf waste into high value cellulose nanocrystals via ultrasound assisted extraction for edible film reinforcement |
| topic | scented pandan leaves ultrasonic-assisted extraction cellulose nanocrystals response surface methodology sweet potato starch starch/CNC film |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1528 |
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