Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Variceal Bleeding and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nested Case–Control Study

Guofeng Liu,* Songchi Xiao,* Tong Xiang, Xiaoze Wang, Yi Shen, Li Yang, Xuefeng Luo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People...

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Main Authors: Liu G, Xiao S, Xiang T, Wang X, Shen Y, Yang L, Luo X
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dove Medical Press 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Online Access:https://www.dovepress.com/outcomes-and-prognostic-factors-in-cirrhotic-patients-with-acute-varic-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JHC
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author Liu G
Xiao S
Xiang T
Wang X
Shen Y
Yang L
Luo X
author_facet Liu G
Xiao S
Xiang T
Wang X
Shen Y
Yang L
Luo X
author_sort Liu G
collection DOAJ
description Guofeng Liu,&ast; Songchi Xiao,&ast; Tong Xiang, Xiaoze Wang, Yi Shen, Li Yang, Xuefeng Luo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xuefeng Luo; Li Yang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China, Email luo_xuefeng@wchscu.cn; yangli_hx@scu.edu.cnPurpose: The treatment outcomes and risk factors for the prognosis of acute variceal bleeding (AVB) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remain unclear. Hence, we assessed the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of these patients.Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 1532 AVB patients with cirrhosis from January 2016 to December 2022. Of these patients, 310 had HCC, and after 1:1 individual matching, 306 of them were matched with 306 patients without HCC. Six-week mortality, one-year mortality, and five-day treatment failure were recorded.Results: In the matched-pair analysis, patients with HCC had a higher rate of 6-week and 1-year mortality than those without HCC (6-week: 24.5% vs 7.8%, P < 0.001; 1-year: 45.9% vs 16.2%, P < 0.001). The rate of 5-day treatment failure was similar between the two groups (21.1% vs 16.7%, P = 0.213). Among AVB patients with HCC, the multivariate analysis revealed that the Child-Pugh score (HR, 1.239, 95% CI, 1.121– 1.370; P < 0.001) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (C-D vs 0-B) (HR, 14.409; 95% CI, 5.758– 36.055; P < 0.001) were independently associated with 6-week mortality. Moreover, the rate of 6-week mortality was 60.2% in patients who had a high Child-Pugh score (≥ 9) and advanced BCLC stage (C–D), much higher than in those with low Child-Pugh score (< 9) and earlier BCLC stage (0-B) (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Among patients with cirrhosis and AVB, patients with HCC had significantly worse outcomes than those without. The severity of liver disease and the stage of HCC are the main determinants of mortality in HCC patients.Keywords: acute variceal bleeding, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, portal hypertension
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spelling doaj-art-9a8b7bced6854528b124ee211e7bd5f22025-08-20T02:48:42ZengDove Medical PressJournal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma2253-59692025-02-01Volume 12343352100337Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Variceal Bleeding and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nested Case&ndash;Control StudyLiu GXiao SXiang TWang XShen YYang LLuo XGuofeng Liu,&ast; Songchi Xiao,&ast; Tong Xiang, Xiaoze Wang, Yi Shen, Li Yang, Xuefeng Luo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xuefeng Luo; Li Yang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China, Email luo_xuefeng@wchscu.cn; yangli_hx@scu.edu.cnPurpose: The treatment outcomes and risk factors for the prognosis of acute variceal bleeding (AVB) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remain unclear. Hence, we assessed the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of these patients.Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 1532 AVB patients with cirrhosis from January 2016 to December 2022. Of these patients, 310 had HCC, and after 1:1 individual matching, 306 of them were matched with 306 patients without HCC. Six-week mortality, one-year mortality, and five-day treatment failure were recorded.Results: In the matched-pair analysis, patients with HCC had a higher rate of 6-week and 1-year mortality than those without HCC (6-week: 24.5% vs 7.8%, P < 0.001; 1-year: 45.9% vs 16.2%, P < 0.001). The rate of 5-day treatment failure was similar between the two groups (21.1% vs 16.7%, P = 0.213). Among AVB patients with HCC, the multivariate analysis revealed that the Child-Pugh score (HR, 1.239, 95% CI, 1.121– 1.370; P < 0.001) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (C-D vs 0-B) (HR, 14.409; 95% CI, 5.758– 36.055; P < 0.001) were independently associated with 6-week mortality. Moreover, the rate of 6-week mortality was 60.2% in patients who had a high Child-Pugh score (≥ 9) and advanced BCLC stage (C–D), much higher than in those with low Child-Pugh score (< 9) and earlier BCLC stage (0-B) (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Among patients with cirrhosis and AVB, patients with HCC had significantly worse outcomes than those without. The severity of liver disease and the stage of HCC are the main determinants of mortality in HCC patients.Keywords: acute variceal bleeding, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, portal hypertensionhttps://www.dovepress.com/outcomes-and-prognostic-factors-in-cirrhotic-patients-with-acute-varic-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JHCacute variceal bleedinghepatocellular carcinomacirrhosisportal hypertension
spellingShingle Liu G
Xiao S
Xiang T
Wang X
Shen Y
Yang L
Luo X
Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Variceal Bleeding and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nested Case&ndash;Control Study
Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
acute variceal bleeding
hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhosis
portal hypertension
title Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Variceal Bleeding and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nested Case&ndash;Control Study
title_full Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Variceal Bleeding and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nested Case&ndash;Control Study
title_fullStr Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Variceal Bleeding and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nested Case&ndash;Control Study
title_full_unstemmed Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Variceal Bleeding and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nested Case&ndash;Control Study
title_short Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Variceal Bleeding and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nested Case&ndash;Control Study
title_sort outcomes and prognostic factors in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding and hepatocellular carcinoma a nested case ndash control study
topic acute variceal bleeding
hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhosis
portal hypertension
url https://www.dovepress.com/outcomes-and-prognostic-factors-in-cirrhotic-patients-with-acute-varic-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JHC
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