GelGenie: an AI-powered framework for gel electrophoresis image analysis

Abstract Gel electrophoresis is a ubiquitous laboratory method for the separation and semi-quantitative analysis of biomolecules. However, gel image analysis principles have barely advanced for decades, in stark contrast to other fields where AI has revolutionised data processing. Here, we show that...

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Main Authors: Matthew Aquilina, Nathan J. W. Wu, Kiros Kwan, Filip Bušić, James Dodd, Laura Nicolás-Sáenz, Alan O’Callaghan, Peter Bankhead, Katherine E. Dunn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59189-0
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author Matthew Aquilina
Nathan J. W. Wu
Kiros Kwan
Filip Bušić
James Dodd
Laura Nicolás-Sáenz
Alan O’Callaghan
Peter Bankhead
Katherine E. Dunn
author_facet Matthew Aquilina
Nathan J. W. Wu
Kiros Kwan
Filip Bušić
James Dodd
Laura Nicolás-Sáenz
Alan O’Callaghan
Peter Bankhead
Katherine E. Dunn
author_sort Matthew Aquilina
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Gel electrophoresis is a ubiquitous laboratory method for the separation and semi-quantitative analysis of biomolecules. However, gel image analysis principles have barely advanced for decades, in stark contrast to other fields where AI has revolutionised data processing. Here, we show that an AI-based system can automatically identify gel bands in seconds for a wide range of experimental conditions, surpassing the capabilities of current software in both ease-of-use and versatility. We use a dataset containing 500+ images of manually-labelled gels to train various U-Nets to accurately identify bands through segmentation, i.e. classifying pixels as ‘band’ or ‘background’. When applied to gel electrophoresis data from other laboratories, our system generates results that quantitatively match those of the original authors. We have publicly released our models through GelGenie, an open-source application that allows users to extract bands from gel images on their own devices, with no expert knowledge or experience required.
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spelling doaj-art-9a62f270986d48fa924e1c6c2b00946c2025-08-20T03:09:19ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111710.1038/s41467-025-59189-0GelGenie: an AI-powered framework for gel electrophoresis image analysisMatthew Aquilina0Nathan J. W. Wu1Kiros Kwan2Filip Bušić3James Dodd4Laura Nicolás-Sáenz5Alan O’Callaghan6Peter Bankhead7Katherine E. Dunn8Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of EdinburghInstitute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of EdinburghInstitute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of EdinburghInstitute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of EdinburghInstitute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of EdinburghCentre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghCentre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghCentre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghInstitute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of EdinburghAbstract Gel electrophoresis is a ubiquitous laboratory method for the separation and semi-quantitative analysis of biomolecules. However, gel image analysis principles have barely advanced for decades, in stark contrast to other fields where AI has revolutionised data processing. Here, we show that an AI-based system can automatically identify gel bands in seconds for a wide range of experimental conditions, surpassing the capabilities of current software in both ease-of-use and versatility. We use a dataset containing 500+ images of manually-labelled gels to train various U-Nets to accurately identify bands through segmentation, i.e. classifying pixels as ‘band’ or ‘background’. When applied to gel electrophoresis data from other laboratories, our system generates results that quantitatively match those of the original authors. We have publicly released our models through GelGenie, an open-source application that allows users to extract bands from gel images on their own devices, with no expert knowledge or experience required.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59189-0
spellingShingle Matthew Aquilina
Nathan J. W. Wu
Kiros Kwan
Filip Bušić
James Dodd
Laura Nicolás-Sáenz
Alan O’Callaghan
Peter Bankhead
Katherine E. Dunn
GelGenie: an AI-powered framework for gel electrophoresis image analysis
Nature Communications
title GelGenie: an AI-powered framework for gel electrophoresis image analysis
title_full GelGenie: an AI-powered framework for gel electrophoresis image analysis
title_fullStr GelGenie: an AI-powered framework for gel electrophoresis image analysis
title_full_unstemmed GelGenie: an AI-powered framework for gel electrophoresis image analysis
title_short GelGenie: an AI-powered framework for gel electrophoresis image analysis
title_sort gelgenie an ai powered framework for gel electrophoresis image analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59189-0
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