Comparison of patient reported dry eye symptoms as evaluated by the ocular surface disease index and symptom assessment

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a growing public health problem because of excessive time spent on digital devices as a risk factor. The diagnosis of DED should not only be based on the objective clinical measures but also on symptoms reported by patients. Clinicians should not rely on establis...

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Main Authors: Solani D. Mathebula, Percy R. Khosa, Mmathabo M. Maleswene
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AOSIS 2025-05-01
Series:African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
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Online Access:https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4861
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author Solani D. Mathebula
Percy R. Khosa
Mmathabo M. Maleswene
author_facet Solani D. Mathebula
Percy R. Khosa
Mmathabo M. Maleswene
author_sort Solani D. Mathebula
collection DOAJ
description Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a growing public health problem because of excessive time spent on digital devices as a risk factor. The diagnosis of DED should not only be based on the objective clinical measures but also on symptoms reported by patients. Clinicians should not rely on establishing symptoms using open verbal questioning during the case history but should quantify patient symptoms using a validated questionnaire. Aim: To compare the patient-reported symptoms of DED as assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE). Setting: An optometry clinic. Methods: Ocular Surface Disease Index and SANDE questionnaires were administered to 40 participants. Participants completed all questionnaires in a non-randomised order. The correlation between the questionnaires’ scores was determined and the Bland–Altman plot was used to assess the agreement between the two questionnaires. Results: The mean scores for OSDI and SANDE were 37.85 ± 23.79 and 38.83 ± 26.39, respectively. The Spearman correlation between the two questionnaires was 0.7, p  0.01. The mean difference between OSDI and SANDE was −0.97 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: [−7.04 to 5.09]). The Bland–Altman analysis between OSDI and SANDE showed a mean clinical difference (bias) of –0.98. Conclusion: The SANDE questionnaire can be used as a dry eye symptom assessment as it is highly correlated to the OSDI questionnaire. Contribution: Because the OSDI and SANDE questionnaires showed a significant correlation and negligible score differences, this suggests that the SANDE questionnaire has the potential to provide clinicians with a short and quick measure of DED symptoms.
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spelling doaj-art-9a32dde51d1344dfbeea550c90d68dc42025-08-20T02:05:27ZengAOSISAfrican Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine2071-29282071-29362025-05-01171e1e710.4102/phcfm.v17i1.48611257Comparison of patient reported dry eye symptoms as evaluated by the ocular surface disease index and symptom assessmentSolani D. Mathebula0Percy R. Khosa1Mmathabo M. Maleswene2Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, PolokwaneDepartment of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, PolokwaneDepartment of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, PolokwaneBackground: Dry eye disease (DED) is a growing public health problem because of excessive time spent on digital devices as a risk factor. The diagnosis of DED should not only be based on the objective clinical measures but also on symptoms reported by patients. Clinicians should not rely on establishing symptoms using open verbal questioning during the case history but should quantify patient symptoms using a validated questionnaire. Aim: To compare the patient-reported symptoms of DED as assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE). Setting: An optometry clinic. Methods: Ocular Surface Disease Index and SANDE questionnaires were administered to 40 participants. Participants completed all questionnaires in a non-randomised order. The correlation between the questionnaires’ scores was determined and the Bland–Altman plot was used to assess the agreement between the two questionnaires. Results: The mean scores for OSDI and SANDE were 37.85 ± 23.79 and 38.83 ± 26.39, respectively. The Spearman correlation between the two questionnaires was 0.7, p  0.01. The mean difference between OSDI and SANDE was −0.97 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: [−7.04 to 5.09]). The Bland–Altman analysis between OSDI and SANDE showed a mean clinical difference (bias) of –0.98. Conclusion: The SANDE questionnaire can be used as a dry eye symptom assessment as it is highly correlated to the OSDI questionnaire. Contribution: Because the OSDI and SANDE questionnaires showed a significant correlation and negligible score differences, this suggests that the SANDE questionnaire has the potential to provide clinicians with a short and quick measure of DED symptoms.https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4861dry eye diseasequestionnaireocular surface disease indexsymptom assessment in dry eyedry eye symptomsocular surface disease.
spellingShingle Solani D. Mathebula
Percy R. Khosa
Mmathabo M. Maleswene
Comparison of patient reported dry eye symptoms as evaluated by the ocular surface disease index and symptom assessment
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
dry eye disease
questionnaire
ocular surface disease index
symptom assessment in dry eye
dry eye symptoms
ocular surface disease.
title Comparison of patient reported dry eye symptoms as evaluated by the ocular surface disease index and symptom assessment
title_full Comparison of patient reported dry eye symptoms as evaluated by the ocular surface disease index and symptom assessment
title_fullStr Comparison of patient reported dry eye symptoms as evaluated by the ocular surface disease index and symptom assessment
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of patient reported dry eye symptoms as evaluated by the ocular surface disease index and symptom assessment
title_short Comparison of patient reported dry eye symptoms as evaluated by the ocular surface disease index and symptom assessment
title_sort comparison of patient reported dry eye symptoms as evaluated by the ocular surface disease index and symptom assessment
topic dry eye disease
questionnaire
ocular surface disease index
symptom assessment in dry eye
dry eye symptoms
ocular surface disease.
url https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4861
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AT mmathabommaleswene comparisonofpatientreporteddryeyesymptomsasevaluatedbytheocularsurfacediseaseindexandsymptomassessment