Dynamic Pricing Models for Automobile Insurance

The accurate pricing of automobile insurance remains a critical challenge, particularly in markets where traditional models fail to capture risk heterogeneity. This study addresses the limitations of conventional Poisson models, which assume uniform accident probabilities among insured individuals,...

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Main Authors: Lynda Ait Bachir, Oumelkheir Elbaroud, Fatma Bouderra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Academic Research and Publishing UG 2025-03-01
Series:Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks
Subjects:
Online Access:https://armgpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FMIR_1_2025_11.pdf
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author Lynda Ait Bachir
Oumelkheir Elbaroud
Fatma Bouderra
author_facet Lynda Ait Bachir
Oumelkheir Elbaroud
Fatma Bouderra
author_sort Lynda Ait Bachir
collection DOAJ
description The accurate pricing of automobile insurance remains a critical challenge, particularly in markets where traditional models fail to capture risk heterogeneity. This study addresses the limitations of conventional Poisson models, which assume uniform accident probabilities among insured individuals, by incorporating advanced probabilistic models that account for overdispersion and individual risk variability. The primary objective is to develop a more precise and equitable pricing model for automobile insurance premiums, integrating statistical and Bayesian inference techniques. The research focuses on Algeria, a market characterized by distinct driving conditions, regulatory frameworks, and demographic patterns that influence accident frequency. Using a dataset of 680 insured individuals from the Société Algérienne d'Assurances, collected over the period 2021–2024, this study applies the Poisson-Gamma and Poisson-Inverse Gaussian models to refine accident risk assessment. The findings reveal that accident frequency is significantly influenced by factors such as gender, age, driving experience, vehicle power, and usage. The Poisson-Gamma model outperforms the standard Poisson model by better capturing individual differences, while the Poisson-Inverse Gaussian model further refines risk estimation by addressing heavy-tailed distributions. Additionally, a Bayesian posterior pricing framework within a Bonus-Malus system is introduced, enabling gains to dynamically adjust premiums based on an individual’s accident history. The study confirms the superiority of these models through statistical validation and goodness-of-fit tests, demonstrating their potential for improving risk assessment and pricing accuracy. The results offer practical applications for insurance companies, policymakers, and regulators seeking to enhance premium fairness and financial sustainability.
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spelling doaj-art-9a2b6ebf292b4827baff705fdb80bacc2025-08-20T03:19:02ZengAcademic Research and Publishing UGFinancial Markets, Institutions and Risks2521-12502521-12422025-03-019116219410.61093/fmir.9(1).162-194.2025Dynamic Pricing Models for Automobile InsuranceLynda Ait Bachir0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-1551Oumelkheir Elbaroud1https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9195-4514Fatma Bouderra2https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1733-4183PhD, Professor Lecturer (A), Department of Economics, Finance and Accounting, Institute of Economics, University Center Aflou, AlgeriaPhD, Professor Lecturer (A), Department of Economics, Finance and Accounting, Institute of Economics, University Center Aflou, AlgeriaPhD, Professor Lecturer (A), Department of Economics, Finance and Accounting, Institute of Economics, University Center Aflou, AlgeriaThe accurate pricing of automobile insurance remains a critical challenge, particularly in markets where traditional models fail to capture risk heterogeneity. This study addresses the limitations of conventional Poisson models, which assume uniform accident probabilities among insured individuals, by incorporating advanced probabilistic models that account for overdispersion and individual risk variability. The primary objective is to develop a more precise and equitable pricing model for automobile insurance premiums, integrating statistical and Bayesian inference techniques. The research focuses on Algeria, a market characterized by distinct driving conditions, regulatory frameworks, and demographic patterns that influence accident frequency. Using a dataset of 680 insured individuals from the Société Algérienne d'Assurances, collected over the period 2021–2024, this study applies the Poisson-Gamma and Poisson-Inverse Gaussian models to refine accident risk assessment. The findings reveal that accident frequency is significantly influenced by factors such as gender, age, driving experience, vehicle power, and usage. The Poisson-Gamma model outperforms the standard Poisson model by better capturing individual differences, while the Poisson-Inverse Gaussian model further refines risk estimation by addressing heavy-tailed distributions. Additionally, a Bayesian posterior pricing framework within a Bonus-Malus system is introduced, enabling gains to dynamically adjust premiums based on an individual’s accident history. The study confirms the superiority of these models through statistical validation and goodness-of-fit tests, demonstrating their potential for improving risk assessment and pricing accuracy. The results offer practical applications for insurance companies, policymakers, and regulators seeking to enhance premium fairness and financial sustainability.https://armgpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FMIR_1_2025_11.pdfaccident frequencyactuarial modelingautomobile insurancebayesian inferencebonus-malus systeminsurance pricingpoisson-gamma modelpoisson-inverse gaussian modelrisk assessmentstatistical modeling
spellingShingle Lynda Ait Bachir
Oumelkheir Elbaroud
Fatma Bouderra
Dynamic Pricing Models for Automobile Insurance
Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks
accident frequency
actuarial modeling
automobile insurance
bayesian inference
bonus-malus system
insurance pricing
poisson-gamma model
poisson-inverse gaussian model
risk assessment
statistical modeling
title Dynamic Pricing Models for Automobile Insurance
title_full Dynamic Pricing Models for Automobile Insurance
title_fullStr Dynamic Pricing Models for Automobile Insurance
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic Pricing Models for Automobile Insurance
title_short Dynamic Pricing Models for Automobile Insurance
title_sort dynamic pricing models for automobile insurance
topic accident frequency
actuarial modeling
automobile insurance
bayesian inference
bonus-malus system
insurance pricing
poisson-gamma model
poisson-inverse gaussian model
risk assessment
statistical modeling
url https://armgpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FMIR_1_2025_11.pdf
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