Focused ultrasound suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity in rats and alters connectivity measured by functional MRI

Abstract Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising neuromodulation technique for reducing regional brain excitability, offering a potential therapeutic approach for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, particularly regarding functional connectiv...

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Main Authors: Po-Chun Chu, Wei-Hong Ruan, Chen-Syuan Huang, Yi-Jing Juan, Jyh-Horng Chen, Hsiang-Yu Yu, Robert S. Fisher, Hao-Li Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15305-0
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author Po-Chun Chu
Wei-Hong Ruan
Chen-Syuan Huang
Yi-Jing Juan
Jyh-Horng Chen
Hsiang-Yu Yu
Robert S. Fisher
Hao-Li Liu
author_facet Po-Chun Chu
Wei-Hong Ruan
Chen-Syuan Huang
Yi-Jing Juan
Jyh-Horng Chen
Hsiang-Yu Yu
Robert S. Fisher
Hao-Li Liu
author_sort Po-Chun Chu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising neuromodulation technique for reducing regional brain excitability, offering a potential therapeutic approach for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, particularly regarding functional connectivity alterations in seizure-related brain networks. This study investigates the relationship between FUS-induced seizure suppression and brain functional connectivity using EEG and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Using a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy rat model (n = 28), we applied burst-mode FUS with 0.25 MI, ISPTA = 0.3 W/cm2 with low (30s-on-90s-off)/high (90s-on-30s-off) doses with 10-minute sonication durations to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT), resulting in approximately 36% reduction in hippocampal spike activity. Rs-fMRI analysis (36 × 36 connectivity matrix) revealed that the PTZ-induced seizure reduction strongly correlates with significant whole-brain connectivity changes, including a 45.1% decrease in connectivity between the anterior thalamic and hippocampal networks. Histological analysis confirmed that FUS preferentially modulates key brain regions involved in epileptic circuits, particularly the thalamus and hippocampus. These findings provide compelling evidence that FUS selectively alters seizure-related functional networks, highlighting its potential as a noninvasive therapeutic approach for epilepsy.
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spelling doaj-art-9a25227ebdf440e7abab20cc407dc0bf2025-08-20T03:04:38ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-15305-0Focused ultrasound suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity in rats and alters connectivity measured by functional MRIPo-Chun Chu0Wei-Hong Ruan1Chen-Syuan Huang2Yi-Jing Juan3Jyh-Horng Chen4Hsiang-Yu Yu5Robert S. Fisher6Hao-Li Liu7Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan UniversityGraduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan UniversityGraduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Taipei Veteran General HospitalDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan UniversityAbstract Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising neuromodulation technique for reducing regional brain excitability, offering a potential therapeutic approach for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, particularly regarding functional connectivity alterations in seizure-related brain networks. This study investigates the relationship between FUS-induced seizure suppression and brain functional connectivity using EEG and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Using a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy rat model (n = 28), we applied burst-mode FUS with 0.25 MI, ISPTA = 0.3 W/cm2 with low (30s-on-90s-off)/high (90s-on-30s-off) doses with 10-minute sonication durations to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT), resulting in approximately 36% reduction in hippocampal spike activity. Rs-fMRI analysis (36 × 36 connectivity matrix) revealed that the PTZ-induced seizure reduction strongly correlates with significant whole-brain connectivity changes, including a 45.1% decrease in connectivity between the anterior thalamic and hippocampal networks. Histological analysis confirmed that FUS preferentially modulates key brain regions involved in epileptic circuits, particularly the thalamus and hippocampus. These findings provide compelling evidence that FUS selectively alters seizure-related functional networks, highlighting its potential as a noninvasive therapeutic approach for epilepsy.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15305-0Focused ultrasoundNeuromodulationGeneralized epilepsyPTZ model
spellingShingle Po-Chun Chu
Wei-Hong Ruan
Chen-Syuan Huang
Yi-Jing Juan
Jyh-Horng Chen
Hsiang-Yu Yu
Robert S. Fisher
Hao-Li Liu
Focused ultrasound suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity in rats and alters connectivity measured by functional MRI
Scientific Reports
Focused ultrasound
Neuromodulation
Generalized epilepsy
PTZ model
title Focused ultrasound suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity in rats and alters connectivity measured by functional MRI
title_full Focused ultrasound suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity in rats and alters connectivity measured by functional MRI
title_fullStr Focused ultrasound suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity in rats and alters connectivity measured by functional MRI
title_full_unstemmed Focused ultrasound suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity in rats and alters connectivity measured by functional MRI
title_short Focused ultrasound suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity in rats and alters connectivity measured by functional MRI
title_sort focused ultrasound suppresses pentylenetetrazol induced epileptiform activity in rats and alters connectivity measured by functional mri
topic Focused ultrasound
Neuromodulation
Generalized epilepsy
PTZ model
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15305-0
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