Multimode ultrastrong coupling in three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities
Abstract Recent theoretical studies have highlighted how spatially varying cavity electromagnetic fields enable novel cavity quantum electrodynamics phenomena, such as the Dicke superradiant phase transition. Three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities, which exhibit discrete in-plane translational...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58835-x |
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| author | Fuyang Tay Ali Mojibpour Stephen Sanders Shuang Liang Hongjing Xu Geoff C. Gardner Andrey Baydin Michael J. Manfra Alessandro Alabastri David Hagenmüller Junichiro Kono |
| author_facet | Fuyang Tay Ali Mojibpour Stephen Sanders Shuang Liang Hongjing Xu Geoff C. Gardner Andrey Baydin Michael J. Manfra Alessandro Alabastri David Hagenmüller Junichiro Kono |
| author_sort | Fuyang Tay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Recent theoretical studies have highlighted how spatially varying cavity electromagnetic fields enable novel cavity quantum electrodynamics phenomena, such as the Dicke superradiant phase transition. Three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities, which exhibit discrete in-plane translational symmetry, overcome this limitation, but fabrication challenges have hindered the achievement of strong coupling. Here, we demonstrate multimode ultrastrong coupling between cavity modes of a three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavity at terahertz frequencies and the cyclotron resonance of a Landau-quantized two-dimensional electron gas in gallium arsenide. The multimode coupling depends on the spatial profiles of the cavity modes, resulting in distinct coupling scenarios based on probe polarization. Our results align with an extended multimode Hopfield model that accounts for spatial field variations. Guided by the model, we discuss possible strong ground-state correlations between cavity modes and introduce relevant figures of merit for multimode ultrastrong coupling. Our findings highlight the crucial role of spatial inhomogeneity in multimode ultrastrong coupling. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9a24ede63d8d4a228517fef962762b3f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-9a24ede63d8d4a228517fef962762b3f2025-08-20T03:18:53ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-58835-xMultimode ultrastrong coupling in three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavitiesFuyang Tay0Ali Mojibpour1Stephen Sanders2Shuang Liang3Hongjing Xu4Geoff C. Gardner5Andrey Baydin6Michael J. Manfra7Alessandro Alabastri8David Hagenmüller9Junichiro Kono10Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue UniversityDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rice UniversitySchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityCESQ-ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRSDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityAbstract Recent theoretical studies have highlighted how spatially varying cavity electromagnetic fields enable novel cavity quantum electrodynamics phenomena, such as the Dicke superradiant phase transition. Three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities, which exhibit discrete in-plane translational symmetry, overcome this limitation, but fabrication challenges have hindered the achievement of strong coupling. Here, we demonstrate multimode ultrastrong coupling between cavity modes of a three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavity at terahertz frequencies and the cyclotron resonance of a Landau-quantized two-dimensional electron gas in gallium arsenide. The multimode coupling depends on the spatial profiles of the cavity modes, resulting in distinct coupling scenarios based on probe polarization. Our results align with an extended multimode Hopfield model that accounts for spatial field variations. Guided by the model, we discuss possible strong ground-state correlations between cavity modes and introduce relevant figures of merit for multimode ultrastrong coupling. Our findings highlight the crucial role of spatial inhomogeneity in multimode ultrastrong coupling.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58835-x |
| spellingShingle | Fuyang Tay Ali Mojibpour Stephen Sanders Shuang Liang Hongjing Xu Geoff C. Gardner Andrey Baydin Michael J. Manfra Alessandro Alabastri David Hagenmüller Junichiro Kono Multimode ultrastrong coupling in three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities Nature Communications |
| title | Multimode ultrastrong coupling in three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities |
| title_full | Multimode ultrastrong coupling in three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities |
| title_fullStr | Multimode ultrastrong coupling in three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multimode ultrastrong coupling in three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities |
| title_short | Multimode ultrastrong coupling in three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities |
| title_sort | multimode ultrastrong coupling in three dimensional photonic crystal cavities |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58835-x |
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