Exploring the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations Behind Electric Motorcycle Adoption in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The rapid rise in motorcycle usage in Indonesia has contributed significantly to urban transport emissions, underscoring the need for cleaner alternatives such as electric motorcycles (EM). This study investigates the roles of extrinsic motivation (e.g., policy incentives) and intrinsic motivation...

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Main Authors: Dimas B. E. Dharmowijoyo, Muhammad Zudhy Irawan, Nindyo C. Kresnanto, Sakinah F. Shalihati, Anugrah Illahi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universitas Gadjah Mada 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JCEF/article/view/22565
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author Dimas B. E. Dharmowijoyo
Muhammad Zudhy Irawan
Nindyo C. Kresnanto
Sakinah F. Shalihati
Anugrah Illahi
author_facet Dimas B. E. Dharmowijoyo
Muhammad Zudhy Irawan
Nindyo C. Kresnanto
Sakinah F. Shalihati
Anugrah Illahi
author_sort Dimas B. E. Dharmowijoyo
collection DOAJ
description The rapid rise in motorcycle usage in Indonesia has contributed significantly to urban transport emissions, underscoring the need for cleaner alternatives such as electric motorcycles (EM). This study investigates the roles of extrinsic motivation (e.g., policy incentives) and intrinsic motivation (e.g., residential location, daily activity patterns, and psychological readiness) in shaping EM adoption in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A stated preference survey was conducted with 400 conventional motorcycle owners, collecting socio-demographic data, four-day activity diaries, perceived accessibility measures, and responses to a transtheoretical model questionnaire. Using a mixed logit modelling framework, three models were estimated, progressively incorporating vehicle attributes, policy incentives, spatiotemporal factors, travel satisfaction, and behavioural readiness stages. Results show that spatial context, particularly residing farther from the city centre, public transport, and parks, has a stronger effect on EM adoption than readiness stage, with workaholic activity patterns also positively associated. Among policy measures, free battery replacement emerged as more influential than free annual vehicle tax, although range, maintenance cost, and charging time remained more critical determinants. Behavioural readiness moderates these effects: individuals in the preparation stage are significantly more likely to adopt EMs, while those in contemplation are less inclined. The findings suggest that beyond financial incentives, campaigns emphasizing EM reliability and environmental benefits, targeted toward suburban residents and high-usage riders, could accelerate adoption. These insights support spatially and behaviourally segmented strategies for promoting low-emission transport in motorcycle-dependent, rapidly motorizing cities, and inform the potential integration of market-based mechanisms such as personal carbon trading or tradable driving credits.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-9a1ba69543b54df69991dd95b7dbd6132025-08-20T03:36:49ZengUniversitas Gadjah MadaJournal of the Civil Engineering Forum2581-10372549-59252025-08-0111310.22146/jcef.22565Exploring the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations Behind Electric Motorcycle Adoption in Yogyakarta, IndonesiaDimas B. E. Dharmowijoyo0Muhammad Zudhy Irawan1Nindyo C. Kresnanto2Sakinah F. Shalihati3Anugrah Illahi4DHL Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA and Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indo Global Mandiri, South Sumatra, INDONESIADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, INDONESIADepartment of Civil Engineering, Janabadra University, Yogyakarta, INDONESIAUniversitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Central Java, INDONESIAEmirates Center for Mobility Research, UAE University, UAE The rapid rise in motorcycle usage in Indonesia has contributed significantly to urban transport emissions, underscoring the need for cleaner alternatives such as electric motorcycles (EM). This study investigates the roles of extrinsic motivation (e.g., policy incentives) and intrinsic motivation (e.g., residential location, daily activity patterns, and psychological readiness) in shaping EM adoption in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A stated preference survey was conducted with 400 conventional motorcycle owners, collecting socio-demographic data, four-day activity diaries, perceived accessibility measures, and responses to a transtheoretical model questionnaire. Using a mixed logit modelling framework, three models were estimated, progressively incorporating vehicle attributes, policy incentives, spatiotemporal factors, travel satisfaction, and behavioural readiness stages. Results show that spatial context, particularly residing farther from the city centre, public transport, and parks, has a stronger effect on EM adoption than readiness stage, with workaholic activity patterns also positively associated. Among policy measures, free battery replacement emerged as more influential than free annual vehicle tax, although range, maintenance cost, and charging time remained more critical determinants. Behavioural readiness moderates these effects: individuals in the preparation stage are significantly more likely to adopt EMs, while those in contemplation are less inclined. The findings suggest that beyond financial incentives, campaigns emphasizing EM reliability and environmental benefits, targeted toward suburban residents and high-usage riders, could accelerate adoption. These insights support spatially and behaviourally segmented strategies for promoting low-emission transport in motorcycle-dependent, rapidly motorizing cities, and inform the potential integration of market-based mechanisms such as personal carbon trading or tradable driving credits. https://journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JCEF/article/view/22565activity-travel patternselectric motorcycleresidential locationtranstheoretical modeltravel satisfaction
spellingShingle Dimas B. E. Dharmowijoyo
Muhammad Zudhy Irawan
Nindyo C. Kresnanto
Sakinah F. Shalihati
Anugrah Illahi
Exploring the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations Behind Electric Motorcycle Adoption in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
activity-travel patterns
electric motorcycle
residential location
transtheoretical model
travel satisfaction
title Exploring the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations Behind Electric Motorcycle Adoption in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
title_full Exploring the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations Behind Electric Motorcycle Adoption in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
title_fullStr Exploring the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations Behind Electric Motorcycle Adoption in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations Behind Electric Motorcycle Adoption in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
title_short Exploring the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations Behind Electric Motorcycle Adoption in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
title_sort exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations behind electric motorcycle adoption in yogyakarta indonesia
topic activity-travel patterns
electric motorcycle
residential location
transtheoretical model
travel satisfaction
url https://journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JCEF/article/view/22565
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