Qualitative Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Dynamical System of Fractal-Fractional-Order Evolution Differential Equations with Terminal Boundary Conditions

In this research article, we investigate a three-dimensional dynamical system governed by fractal-fractional-order evolution differential equations subject to terminal boundary conditions. We derive existence and uniqueness results using Schaefer’s and Banach’s fixed-point theorems, respectively. Ad...

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Main Authors: F. Gassem, Arshad Ali, Khaled Aldwoah, Ria H. Egami, Osman Osman, Bakri Younis, Amel Touati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Fractal and Fractional
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/4/259
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author F. Gassem
Arshad Ali
Khaled Aldwoah
Ria H. Egami
Osman Osman
Bakri Younis
Amel Touati
author_facet F. Gassem
Arshad Ali
Khaled Aldwoah
Ria H. Egami
Osman Osman
Bakri Younis
Amel Touati
author_sort F. Gassem
collection DOAJ
description In this research article, we investigate a three-dimensional dynamical system governed by fractal-fractional-order evolution differential equations subject to terminal boundary conditions. We derive existence and uniqueness results using Schaefer’s and Banach’s fixed-point theorems, respectively. Additionally, the Hyers–Ulam stability approach is employed to analyze the system’s stability. We employ vector terminology for the proposed problem to make the analysis simple. To illustrate the practical relevance of our findings, we apply the derived results to a numerical example and graphically illustrate the solution for different fractal-fractional orders, emphasizing the effect of the derivative’s order on system behavior.
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Fractal and Fractional
spelling doaj-art-9a1a63e80d054cccae07c496a8472d922025-08-20T02:18:11ZengMDPI AGFractal and Fractional2504-31102025-04-019425910.3390/fractalfract9040259Qualitative Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Dynamical System of Fractal-Fractional-Order Evolution Differential Equations with Terminal Boundary ConditionsF. Gassem0Arshad Ali1Khaled Aldwoah2Ria H. Egami3Osman Osman4Bakri Younis5Amel Touati6Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55473, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanity, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Sulail, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Elmagarda, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaMathematics Department, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi ArabiaIn this research article, we investigate a three-dimensional dynamical system governed by fractal-fractional-order evolution differential equations subject to terminal boundary conditions. We derive existence and uniqueness results using Schaefer’s and Banach’s fixed-point theorems, respectively. Additionally, the Hyers–Ulam stability approach is employed to analyze the system’s stability. We employ vector terminology for the proposed problem to make the analysis simple. To illustrate the practical relevance of our findings, we apply the derived results to a numerical example and graphically illustrate the solution for different fractal-fractional orders, emphasizing the effect of the derivative’s order on system behavior.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/4/259three-dimensional systemterminal boundary value problemsevolution differential equationsfixed-point resultsstability analysisfractional derivatives
spellingShingle F. Gassem
Arshad Ali
Khaled Aldwoah
Ria H. Egami
Osman Osman
Bakri Younis
Amel Touati
Qualitative Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Dynamical System of Fractal-Fractional-Order Evolution Differential Equations with Terminal Boundary Conditions
Fractal and Fractional
three-dimensional system
terminal boundary value problems
evolution differential equations
fixed-point results
stability analysis
fractional derivatives
title Qualitative Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Dynamical System of Fractal-Fractional-Order Evolution Differential Equations with Terminal Boundary Conditions
title_full Qualitative Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Dynamical System of Fractal-Fractional-Order Evolution Differential Equations with Terminal Boundary Conditions
title_fullStr Qualitative Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Dynamical System of Fractal-Fractional-Order Evolution Differential Equations with Terminal Boundary Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Qualitative Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Dynamical System of Fractal-Fractional-Order Evolution Differential Equations with Terminal Boundary Conditions
title_short Qualitative Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Dynamical System of Fractal-Fractional-Order Evolution Differential Equations with Terminal Boundary Conditions
title_sort qualitative analysis of a three dimensional dynamical system of fractal fractional order evolution differential equations with terminal boundary conditions
topic three-dimensional system
terminal boundary value problems
evolution differential equations
fixed-point results
stability analysis
fractional derivatives
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/4/259
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