The importance of good adherence to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis and progressive joint damage. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) reduce disease activity, and radiological progression of the joints, and improve the long-term fun...

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Main Authors: Ćeranić Jelena, Kisić-Tepavčević Darija, Ristić Gorica
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Belgrade, Medical Faculty 2025-01-01
Series:Medicinski Podmladak
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Online Access:https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0369-1527/2025/0369-15272501035Q.pdf
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author Ćeranić Jelena
Kisić-Tepavčević Darija
Ristić Gorica
author_facet Ćeranić Jelena
Kisić-Tepavčević Darija
Ristić Gorica
author_sort Ćeranić Jelena
collection DOAJ
description Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis and progressive joint damage. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) reduce disease activity, and radiological progression of the joints, and improve the long-term functional status of patients with RA. The precondition for these positive outcomes is adequate patient adherence to DMARDs. According to the latest EULAR (The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology) recommendations, methotrexate (MTX) is still the first-line drug for the treatment of RA. It can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other synthetic or biological DMARDs. Methotrexate is a structural analog of folic acid, which inhibits the de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines but acts on inflammation and other mechanisms such as increased release of adenosine, inhibition of the transmethylation reaction, reduced accumulation of polyamines, and separation of nitric oxide synthase. Methotrexate affects the function of almost all cell types involved in inflammation (neutrophils, monocytes, Tand B-cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblast-like synovium). However, not all patients respond well to MTX, which can partly be explained by non-adherence. The adherence rate varies between 59% and 107%, where the overuse of MTX is also an adherence problem. Optimal use of MTX involves starting therapy without delay, following the recommended dose and regimen until a satisfactory response to therapy is achieved, and following the maintenance dose. Over 200 variables influencing adherence have been identified, but none of these variables have been consistently linked in all previous research. Therefore, it is not possible to create a specific risk profile for non-adherence. Considering this fact and the existence of a significant number of non-adherent patients, there is a need to find tailored interventions to improve adherence to MTX in patients with RA that could improve the outcomes of the disease.
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spelling doaj-art-9a0deb1120e14970bc0e261ce789ab972025-08-20T02:24:26ZengUniversity of Belgrade, Medical FacultyMedicinski Podmladak0369-15272466-55252025-01-01761354110.5937/mp76-460650369-15272501035QThe importance of good adherence to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritisĆeranić Jelena0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8583-7371Kisić-Tepavčević Darija1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-0642Ristić Gorica2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5760-492XUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Beograd, SerbiaUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Institut za epidemiologiju, Beograd, SerbiaVojnomedicinska akademija, Klinika za reumatologiju, Beograd, SerbiaRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis and progressive joint damage. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) reduce disease activity, and radiological progression of the joints, and improve the long-term functional status of patients with RA. The precondition for these positive outcomes is adequate patient adherence to DMARDs. According to the latest EULAR (The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology) recommendations, methotrexate (MTX) is still the first-line drug for the treatment of RA. It can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other synthetic or biological DMARDs. Methotrexate is a structural analog of folic acid, which inhibits the de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines but acts on inflammation and other mechanisms such as increased release of adenosine, inhibition of the transmethylation reaction, reduced accumulation of polyamines, and separation of nitric oxide synthase. Methotrexate affects the function of almost all cell types involved in inflammation (neutrophils, monocytes, Tand B-cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblast-like synovium). However, not all patients respond well to MTX, which can partly be explained by non-adherence. The adherence rate varies between 59% and 107%, where the overuse of MTX is also an adherence problem. Optimal use of MTX involves starting therapy without delay, following the recommended dose and regimen until a satisfactory response to therapy is achieved, and following the maintenance dose. Over 200 variables influencing adherence have been identified, but none of these variables have been consistently linked in all previous research. Therefore, it is not possible to create a specific risk profile for non-adherence. Considering this fact and the existence of a significant number of non-adherent patients, there is a need to find tailored interventions to improve adherence to MTX in patients with RA that could improve the outcomes of the disease.https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0369-1527/2025/0369-15272501035Q.pdfrheumatoid arthritisadherencemethotrexatetreatment
spellingShingle Ćeranić Jelena
Kisić-Tepavčević Darija
Ristić Gorica
The importance of good adherence to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Medicinski Podmladak
rheumatoid arthritis
adherence
methotrexate
treatment
title The importance of good adherence to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
title_full The importance of good adherence to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
title_fullStr The importance of good adherence to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
title_full_unstemmed The importance of good adherence to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
title_short The importance of good adherence to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
title_sort importance of good adherence to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
topic rheumatoid arthritis
adherence
methotrexate
treatment
url https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0369-1527/2025/0369-15272501035Q.pdf
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