LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis in the Japanese population: insights from a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia, particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, plays a critical role in its pathogenesis. Although extensive research has been conduc...
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2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04792-8 |
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| author | Yan Jiang Lina Zhang Zhifeng Gu |
| author_facet | Yan Jiang Lina Zhang Zhifeng Gu |
| author_sort | Yan Jiang |
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| description | Abstract Background Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia, particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, plays a critical role in its pathogenesis. Although extensive research has been conducted in Western populations, the relationship between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and atherosclerosis in the Japanese population remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and atherosclerosis, as measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), in a Japanese cohort. Methods This secondary analysis used data from a cross-sectional study involving 912 participants. LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was calculated from fasting blood samples and baPWV was used to assess atherosclerosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and other potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore variations by demographic and clinical factors. Results The mean age of the study population was 51.1 years, and 64.9% were male. Significant differences were observed across LDL-C/HDL-C ratio tertiles for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and lifestyle factors (p < 0.001 for most). Univariate analyses showed strong associations between atherosclerosis and age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, liver function markers, metabolic factors and lifestyle behaviours (p < 0.001 for most). Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV, adjusting for factors such as age, sex, BMI, and other metabolic variables. Subgroup analyses showed significant associations between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV in women (p = 0.036), participants aged < 55 years (p = 0.009), and those with BMI < 25 kg/m² (p = 0.044). No significant interactions were observed between subgroups (p for interaction > 0.05). Conclusions LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is significantly associated with atherosclerosis in the Japanese population, with varying strength in different demographic and clinical subgroups. These findings highlight the importance of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis and underscore the need for targeted interventions to manage cardiovascular risk in this population. Clinical trial number Not applicable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9a08459b1455413ba97edfad4115b8e7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-9a08459b1455413ba97edfad4115b8e72025-08-20T02:10:46ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612025-04-012511910.1186/s12872-025-04792-8LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis in the Japanese population: insights from a cross-sectional studyYan Jiang0Lina Zhang1Zhifeng Gu2Dalian Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDalian Medical UniversityAbstract Background Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia, particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, plays a critical role in its pathogenesis. Although extensive research has been conducted in Western populations, the relationship between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and atherosclerosis in the Japanese population remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and atherosclerosis, as measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), in a Japanese cohort. Methods This secondary analysis used data from a cross-sectional study involving 912 participants. LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was calculated from fasting blood samples and baPWV was used to assess atherosclerosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and other potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore variations by demographic and clinical factors. Results The mean age of the study population was 51.1 years, and 64.9% were male. Significant differences were observed across LDL-C/HDL-C ratio tertiles for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and lifestyle factors (p < 0.001 for most). Univariate analyses showed strong associations between atherosclerosis and age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, liver function markers, metabolic factors and lifestyle behaviours (p < 0.001 for most). Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV, adjusting for factors such as age, sex, BMI, and other metabolic variables. Subgroup analyses showed significant associations between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV in women (p = 0.036), participants aged < 55 years (p = 0.009), and those with BMI < 25 kg/m² (p = 0.044). No significant interactions were observed between subgroups (p for interaction > 0.05). Conclusions LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is significantly associated with atherosclerosis in the Japanese population, with varying strength in different demographic and clinical subgroups. These findings highlight the importance of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis and underscore the need for targeted interventions to manage cardiovascular risk in this population. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04792-8LDL-C/HDL-C ratioAtherosclerosisBrachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)Japanese populationArterial stiffnessCardiovascular risk |
| spellingShingle | Yan Jiang Lina Zhang Zhifeng Gu LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis in the Japanese population: insights from a cross-sectional study BMC Cardiovascular Disorders LDL-C/HDL-C ratio Atherosclerosis Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) Japanese population Arterial stiffness Cardiovascular risk |
| title | LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis in the Japanese population: insights from a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis in the Japanese population: insights from a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis in the Japanese population: insights from a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis in the Japanese population: insights from a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis in the Japanese population: insights from a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | ldl c hdl c ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis in the japanese population insights from a cross sectional study |
| topic | LDL-C/HDL-C ratio Atherosclerosis Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) Japanese population Arterial stiffness Cardiovascular risk |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04792-8 |
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