Recent Advances in Bidirectional Converters and Regenerative Braking Systems in Electric Vehicles

As electric vehicles (EVs) continue to advance toward widespread adoption, innovations in power electronics are playing a pivotal role in improving efficiency, performance, and sustainability. This review presents recent progress in bidirectional converters and regenerative braking systems (RBSs), h...

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Main Authors: Hamid Naseem, Jul-Ki Seok
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Actuators
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/7/347
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author Hamid Naseem
Jul-Ki Seok
author_facet Hamid Naseem
Jul-Ki Seok
author_sort Hamid Naseem
collection DOAJ
description As electric vehicles (EVs) continue to advance toward widespread adoption, innovations in power electronics are playing a pivotal role in improving efficiency, performance, and sustainability. This review presents recent progress in bidirectional converters and regenerative braking systems (RBSs), highlighting their contributions to energy recovery, battery longevity, and vehicle-to-grid integration. Bidirectional converters support two-way energy flow, enabling efficient regenerative braking and advanced charging capabilities. The integration of wide-bandgap semiconductors, such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride, further enhances power density and thermal performance. The paper evaluates various converter topologies, including single-stage and multi-stage architectures, and assesses their suitability for high-voltage EV platforms. Intelligent control strategies, including fuzzy logic, neural networks, and sliding mode control, are discussed for optimizing braking force and maximizing energy recuperation. In addition, the paper explores the influence of regenerative braking on battery degradation and presents hybrid energy storage systems and AI-based methods as mitigation strategies. Special emphasis is placed on the integration of RBSs in advanced electric vehicle platforms, including autonomous systems. The review concludes by identifying current challenges, emerging trends, and key design considerations to inform future research and practical implementation in electric vehicle energy systems.
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spelling doaj-art-99ffdc75235049468fd5b72105d40e932025-08-20T02:45:46ZengMDPI AGActuators2076-08252025-07-0114734710.3390/act14070347Recent Advances in Bidirectional Converters and Regenerative Braking Systems in Electric VehiclesHamid Naseem0Jul-Ki Seok1Department of Electrical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaAs electric vehicles (EVs) continue to advance toward widespread adoption, innovations in power electronics are playing a pivotal role in improving efficiency, performance, and sustainability. This review presents recent progress in bidirectional converters and regenerative braking systems (RBSs), highlighting their contributions to energy recovery, battery longevity, and vehicle-to-grid integration. Bidirectional converters support two-way energy flow, enabling efficient regenerative braking and advanced charging capabilities. The integration of wide-bandgap semiconductors, such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride, further enhances power density and thermal performance. The paper evaluates various converter topologies, including single-stage and multi-stage architectures, and assesses their suitability for high-voltage EV platforms. Intelligent control strategies, including fuzzy logic, neural networks, and sliding mode control, are discussed for optimizing braking force and maximizing energy recuperation. In addition, the paper explores the influence of regenerative braking on battery degradation and presents hybrid energy storage systems and AI-based methods as mitigation strategies. Special emphasis is placed on the integration of RBSs in advanced electric vehicle platforms, including autonomous systems. The review concludes by identifying current challenges, emerging trends, and key design considerations to inform future research and practical implementation in electric vehicle energy systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/7/347electric vehiclesbidirectional convertersregenerative braking systemsbattery lifebraking control techniques
spellingShingle Hamid Naseem
Jul-Ki Seok
Recent Advances in Bidirectional Converters and Regenerative Braking Systems in Electric Vehicles
Actuators
electric vehicles
bidirectional converters
regenerative braking systems
battery life
braking control techniques
title Recent Advances in Bidirectional Converters and Regenerative Braking Systems in Electric Vehicles
title_full Recent Advances in Bidirectional Converters and Regenerative Braking Systems in Electric Vehicles
title_fullStr Recent Advances in Bidirectional Converters and Regenerative Braking Systems in Electric Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in Bidirectional Converters and Regenerative Braking Systems in Electric Vehicles
title_short Recent Advances in Bidirectional Converters and Regenerative Braking Systems in Electric Vehicles
title_sort recent advances in bidirectional converters and regenerative braking systems in electric vehicles
topic electric vehicles
bidirectional converters
regenerative braking systems
battery life
braking control techniques
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/7/347
work_keys_str_mv AT hamidnaseem recentadvancesinbidirectionalconvertersandregenerativebrakingsystemsinelectricvehicles
AT julkiseok recentadvancesinbidirectionalconvertersandregenerativebrakingsystemsinelectricvehicles