In Vitro Production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> Seedlings, Callus Induction, Chemical Profile, and Assessment of Antioxidant Activity

This study aimed to assess the production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> seedlings in an in vitro environment and their adaptation to natural conditions, as well as the callus induction, the chemical profile of calli extracts, and their antioxidant potential. The seedlings were obtained f...

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Main Authors: Paula Avelar Amado, Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro, Lucas Santos Azevedo, Mariana Guerra de Aguilar, Lúcia Pinheiro Santos Pimenta, Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Lima
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/9/1383
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author Paula Avelar Amado
Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro
Lucas Santos Azevedo
Mariana Guerra de Aguilar
Lúcia Pinheiro Santos Pimenta
Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Lima
author_facet Paula Avelar Amado
Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro
Lucas Santos Azevedo
Mariana Guerra de Aguilar
Lúcia Pinheiro Santos Pimenta
Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Lima
author_sort Paula Avelar Amado
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to assess the production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> seedlings in an in vitro environment and their adaptation to natural conditions, as well as the callus induction, the chemical profile of calli extracts, and their antioxidant potential. The seedlings were obtained from <i>S. brasiliensis</i> seeds germinated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The germination rate was 33%, and about 22% of the seeds produced whole seedlings. Three-month-old seedlings were acclimatized for two months, resulting in an 80% survival rate and improved physiological characteristics. Callus induction was initiated from leaf explants obtained from seedlings and plant growth regulators (PGRs), with and without light exposure. Calli extracts were obtained using methanol; phenolic compound and flavonoid quantification were performed, and the chemical profile was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR). For comparison, methanol extract from <i>S. brasiliensis</i> leaves collected in Brazilian Cerrado were also analyzed. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl method and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. All samples exhibited antioxidant activity according to the methods employed. Furthermore, <sup>1</sup>H NMR revealed metabolic profile changes in the calli extracts compared to the leaf extract. This study yielded promising results, suggesting that in vitro culture could improve productivity and conserve the species, although changes were observed in the metabolic profile of <i>S. brasiliensis</i>.
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spelling doaj-art-99f4eed2e3d74c42ad64d52d656a73e92025-08-20T03:52:57ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-05-01149138310.3390/plants14091383In Vitro Production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> Seedlings, Callus Induction, Chemical Profile, and Assessment of Antioxidant ActivityPaula Avelar Amado0Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro1Lucas Santos Azevedo2Mariana Guerra de Aguilar3Lúcia Pinheiro Santos Pimenta4Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Lima5Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, BrazilCampus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, BrazilCampus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, BrazilDepartamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilDepartamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilCampus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, BrazilThis study aimed to assess the production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> seedlings in an in vitro environment and their adaptation to natural conditions, as well as the callus induction, the chemical profile of calli extracts, and their antioxidant potential. The seedlings were obtained from <i>S. brasiliensis</i> seeds germinated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The germination rate was 33%, and about 22% of the seeds produced whole seedlings. Three-month-old seedlings were acclimatized for two months, resulting in an 80% survival rate and improved physiological characteristics. Callus induction was initiated from leaf explants obtained from seedlings and plant growth regulators (PGRs), with and without light exposure. Calli extracts were obtained using methanol; phenolic compound and flavonoid quantification were performed, and the chemical profile was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR). For comparison, methanol extract from <i>S. brasiliensis</i> leaves collected in Brazilian Cerrado were also analyzed. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl method and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. All samples exhibited antioxidant activity according to the methods employed. Furthermore, <sup>1</sup>H NMR revealed metabolic profile changes in the calli extracts compared to the leaf extract. This study yielded promising results, suggesting that in vitro culture could improve productivity and conserve the species, although changes were observed in the metabolic profile of <i>S. brasiliensis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/9/1383germinationacclimatizationplant tissue culturephenolic compoundsfree radicals<sup>1</sup>H NMR
spellingShingle Paula Avelar Amado
Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro
Lucas Santos Azevedo
Mariana Guerra de Aguilar
Lúcia Pinheiro Santos Pimenta
Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Lima
In Vitro Production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> Seedlings, Callus Induction, Chemical Profile, and Assessment of Antioxidant Activity
Plants
germination
acclimatization
plant tissue culture
phenolic compounds
free radicals
<sup>1</sup>H NMR
title In Vitro Production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> Seedlings, Callus Induction, Chemical Profile, and Assessment of Antioxidant Activity
title_full In Vitro Production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> Seedlings, Callus Induction, Chemical Profile, and Assessment of Antioxidant Activity
title_fullStr In Vitro Production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> Seedlings, Callus Induction, Chemical Profile, and Assessment of Antioxidant Activity
title_full_unstemmed In Vitro Production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> Seedlings, Callus Induction, Chemical Profile, and Assessment of Antioxidant Activity
title_short In Vitro Production of <i>Smilax brasiliensis</i> Seedlings, Callus Induction, Chemical Profile, and Assessment of Antioxidant Activity
title_sort in vitro production of i smilax brasiliensis i seedlings callus induction chemical profile and assessment of antioxidant activity
topic germination
acclimatization
plant tissue culture
phenolic compounds
free radicals
<sup>1</sup>H NMR
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/9/1383
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