Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in Portugal
COVID-19 hit the world in a sudden and uneven way. Scientific community has provided strong evidence about socioeconomic characteristics of the territory associated with the geographical pattern of COVID-19 incidence. Still, the role played by these factors differs between study areas. Geographical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Asociación Española de Geografía
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles |
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| Online Access: | https://bage.age-geografia.es/ojs/index.php/bage/article/view/3160 |
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| author | Ricardo Almendra Paula Santana Claudia Costa |
| author_facet | Ricardo Almendra Paula Santana Claudia Costa |
| author_sort | Ricardo Almendra |
| collection | DOAJ |
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COVID-19 hit the world in a sudden and uneven way. Scientific community has provided strong evidence about socioeconomic characteristics of the territory associated with the geographical pattern of COVID-19 incidence. Still, the role played by these factors differs between study areas. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models were applied to explore the spatially varying association between age-standardized COVID-19 incidence rate in 2020 and socioeconomic conditions in Portugal, at the municipality level. The spatial context was defined as a function of the number of neighbours; the bandwidth was determined through AIC. Prior, the validity of the GWR was assessed through ordinary least squares models. Border proximity, proportion of overcrowded living quarters, persons employed in manufacturing establishments and persons employed in construction establishments were found to be significant predictors. It was possible to observe that municipalities are affected differently by the same factor, and that this varying influence has identifiable geographical patterns, the role of each analysed factor varies importantly across the country. This study provides useful insights for policymakers for targeted interventions and for proper identification of risk factors.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-99f0df891dfe43afbda68a6e13d3009f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0212-9426 2605-3322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Asociación Española de Geografía |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles |
| spelling | doaj-art-99f0df891dfe43afbda68a6e13d3009f2025-02-10T20:39:26ZengAsociación Española de GeografíaBoletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles0212-94262605-33222021-12-019110.21138/bage.3160Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in PortugalRicardo Almendra0Paula Santana1Claudia Costa2University of CoimbraUniversity of CoimbraUniversity of Coimbra COVID-19 hit the world in a sudden and uneven way. Scientific community has provided strong evidence about socioeconomic characteristics of the territory associated with the geographical pattern of COVID-19 incidence. Still, the role played by these factors differs between study areas. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models were applied to explore the spatially varying association between age-standardized COVID-19 incidence rate in 2020 and socioeconomic conditions in Portugal, at the municipality level. The spatial context was defined as a function of the number of neighbours; the bandwidth was determined through AIC. Prior, the validity of the GWR was assessed through ordinary least squares models. Border proximity, proportion of overcrowded living quarters, persons employed in manufacturing establishments and persons employed in construction establishments were found to be significant predictors. It was possible to observe that municipalities are affected differently by the same factor, and that this varying influence has identifiable geographical patterns, the role of each analysed factor varies importantly across the country. This study provides useful insights for policymakers for targeted interventions and for proper identification of risk factors. https://bage.age-geografia.es/ojs/index.php/bage/article/view/3160COVID-19geographical patternssocioeconomic disparitiesspatial analysis |
| spellingShingle | Ricardo Almendra Paula Santana Claudia Costa Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in Portugal Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles COVID-19 geographical patterns socioeconomic disparities spatial analysis |
| title | Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in Portugal |
| title_full | Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in Portugal |
| title_fullStr | Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in Portugal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in Portugal |
| title_short | Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in Portugal |
| title_sort | spatial inequalities of covid 19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in portugal |
| topic | COVID-19 geographical patterns socioeconomic disparities spatial analysis |
| url | https://bage.age-geografia.es/ojs/index.php/bage/article/view/3160 |
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