The Main Arboviruses and Virus Detection Methods in Vectors: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) represent a growing concern for global public and veterinary health, with cases reported across all continents. This review presents a broad overview of the geographic distribution of arboviruses transmitted by insect vectors, emphasizing the importance of early...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Amanda Montezano Cintra Nathália Mayumi Noda-Nicolau Milena Leite de Oliveira Soman Pedro Henrique de Andrade Affonso Guilherme Targino Valente Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto |
| author_facet | Amanda Montezano Cintra Nathália Mayumi Noda-Nicolau Milena Leite de Oliveira Soman Pedro Henrique de Andrade Affonso Guilherme Targino Valente Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto |
| author_sort | Amanda Montezano Cintra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) represent a growing concern for global public and veterinary health, with cases reported across all continents. This review presents a broad overview of the geographic distribution of arboviruses transmitted by insect vectors, emphasizing the importance of early viral detection as a cornerstone of surveillance and outbreak preparedness. Special attention is given to the phenomenon of zoonotic spillover, where viruses maintained in natural transmission cycles often involving wildlife reservoirs and arthropod vectors cross into human populations, triggering emergent or re-emergent outbreaks. This article discusses key arboviral families of medical and veterinary significance, including Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Peribunyaviridae, and Orthomyxoviridae, highlighting their molecular and structural characteristics. These features are essential for guiding the development and implementation of specific and sensitive detection strategies. In addition, this work provides a comparative analysis of diverse laboratory methodologies for viral detection in vectors. From serological assays and viral isolation to advanced molecular tools and next-generation sequencing, we explore their principles, practical applications, and context-dependent advantages and limitations. By compiling this information, we aim to support researchers and public health professionals in selecting the most appropriate tools for vector surveillance, ultimately contributing to improved response strategies in the face of arboviral threats. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-99ec613e8936491899dca173a5937bfc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-99ec613e8936491899dca173a5937bfc2025-08-20T03:14:46ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-04-0114541610.3390/pathogens14050416The Main Arboviruses and Virus Detection Methods in Vectors: Current Approaches and Future PerspectivesAmanda Montezano Cintra0Nathália Mayumi Noda-Nicolau1Milena Leite de Oliveira Soman2Pedro Henrique de Andrade Affonso3Guilherme Targino Valente4Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto5Multiuser Central Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, BrazilMultiuser Central Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, BrazilMultiuser Central Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, BrazilMultiuser Central Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, BrazilClinical Hospital of School Medicine of São Paulo State University, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, BrazilMultiuser Central Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, BrazilArthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) represent a growing concern for global public and veterinary health, with cases reported across all continents. This review presents a broad overview of the geographic distribution of arboviruses transmitted by insect vectors, emphasizing the importance of early viral detection as a cornerstone of surveillance and outbreak preparedness. Special attention is given to the phenomenon of zoonotic spillover, where viruses maintained in natural transmission cycles often involving wildlife reservoirs and arthropod vectors cross into human populations, triggering emergent or re-emergent outbreaks. This article discusses key arboviral families of medical and veterinary significance, including Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Peribunyaviridae, and Orthomyxoviridae, highlighting their molecular and structural characteristics. These features are essential for guiding the development and implementation of specific and sensitive detection strategies. In addition, this work provides a comparative analysis of diverse laboratory methodologies for viral detection in vectors. From serological assays and viral isolation to advanced molecular tools and next-generation sequencing, we explore their principles, practical applications, and context-dependent advantages and limitations. By compiling this information, we aim to support researchers and public health professionals in selecting the most appropriate tools for vector surveillance, ultimately contributing to improved response strategies in the face of arboviral threats.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/5/416arbovirusesvectorsviruszoonotic spilloverviral detectionemerging infectious diseases |
| spellingShingle | Amanda Montezano Cintra Nathália Mayumi Noda-Nicolau Milena Leite de Oliveira Soman Pedro Henrique de Andrade Affonso Guilherme Targino Valente Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto The Main Arboviruses and Virus Detection Methods in Vectors: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives Pathogens arboviruses vectors virus zoonotic spillover viral detection emerging infectious diseases |
| title | The Main Arboviruses and Virus Detection Methods in Vectors: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives |
| title_full | The Main Arboviruses and Virus Detection Methods in Vectors: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | The Main Arboviruses and Virus Detection Methods in Vectors: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Main Arboviruses and Virus Detection Methods in Vectors: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives |
| title_short | The Main Arboviruses and Virus Detection Methods in Vectors: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives |
| title_sort | main arboviruses and virus detection methods in vectors current approaches and future perspectives |
| topic | arboviruses vectors virus zoonotic spillover viral detection emerging infectious diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/5/416 |
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