Lupeol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Obesity is characterized by the enlargement of adipose tissue due to an increased calorie intake exceeding the body’s energy expenditure. Changes in the size of adipose tissue can lead to harmful consequences, with excessive fat accumulation resulting in adipocyte hypertrophy and promoting metabolic...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Vaithinathan Selvaraju Shivani R. Babu Robert L. Judd Thangiah Geetha |
| author_facet | Vaithinathan Selvaraju Shivani R. Babu Robert L. Judd Thangiah Geetha |
| author_sort | Vaithinathan Selvaraju |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity is characterized by the enlargement of adipose tissue due to an increased calorie intake exceeding the body’s energy expenditure. Changes in the size of adipose tissue can lead to harmful consequences, with excessive fat accumulation resulting in adipocyte hypertrophy and promoting metabolic dysfunction. These adiposity-associated pathologies can be influenced by dietary components and their potential health benefits. Lupeol, a pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid found in medicinal plants, vegetables, and fruits, has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the role of lupeol on adipocyte hypertrophy by evaluating key adipogenic regulators in vitro. First, 3T3-L1 MBX mouse embryonic cells were differentiated into adipocytes and hypertrophy was induced using 500 µM palmitic acid. The treated adipocytes showed a significantly increased lipid droplet size, confirming adipocyte hypertrophy. Both adipocytes and hypertrophied adipocytes were then treated with or without 60 µM lupeol, following a dose-dependent study. Lipid droplet size was assessed and validated by Oil Red O staining. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression of adipogenic and inflammatory markers. Differentiated adipocytes showed increased fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) expression and Oil Red O staining, indicating an increased lipid content. Western blot analysis revealed that lupeol treatment reduced the expression of FABP4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and adipokines. In conclusion, the results suggest that lupeol reverts the inflammatory and adipogenic markers that are enhanced in adipocyte hypertrophy. Through its anti-inflammatory effects, lupeol offers protective effects against adipocyte hypertrophy and contributes to reducing hypertrophic adiposity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-99e0be784b6a4ca99844c09b485ea663 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-99e0be784b6a4ca99844c09b485ea6632025-01-24T13:25:18ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-01-0115112910.3390/biom15010129Lupeol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 AdipocytesVaithinathan Selvaraju0Shivani R. Babu1Robert L. Judd2Thangiah Geetha3Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USAObesity is characterized by the enlargement of adipose tissue due to an increased calorie intake exceeding the body’s energy expenditure. Changes in the size of adipose tissue can lead to harmful consequences, with excessive fat accumulation resulting in adipocyte hypertrophy and promoting metabolic dysfunction. These adiposity-associated pathologies can be influenced by dietary components and their potential health benefits. Lupeol, a pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid found in medicinal plants, vegetables, and fruits, has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the role of lupeol on adipocyte hypertrophy by evaluating key adipogenic regulators in vitro. First, 3T3-L1 MBX mouse embryonic cells were differentiated into adipocytes and hypertrophy was induced using 500 µM palmitic acid. The treated adipocytes showed a significantly increased lipid droplet size, confirming adipocyte hypertrophy. Both adipocytes and hypertrophied adipocytes were then treated with or without 60 µM lupeol, following a dose-dependent study. Lipid droplet size was assessed and validated by Oil Red O staining. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression of adipogenic and inflammatory markers. Differentiated adipocytes showed increased fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) expression and Oil Red O staining, indicating an increased lipid content. Western blot analysis revealed that lupeol treatment reduced the expression of FABP4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and adipokines. In conclusion, the results suggest that lupeol reverts the inflammatory and adipogenic markers that are enhanced in adipocyte hypertrophy. Through its anti-inflammatory effects, lupeol offers protective effects against adipocyte hypertrophy and contributes to reducing hypertrophic adiposity.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/1/129lupeoladipocyte hypertrophyinflammationobesityadipokines |
| spellingShingle | Vaithinathan Selvaraju Shivani R. Babu Robert L. Judd Thangiah Geetha Lupeol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Biomolecules lupeol adipocyte hypertrophy inflammation obesity adipokines |
| title | Lupeol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes |
| title_full | Lupeol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes |
| title_fullStr | Lupeol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lupeol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes |
| title_short | Lupeol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes |
| title_sort | lupeol attenuates palmitate induced hypertrophy in 3t3 l1 adipocytes |
| topic | lupeol adipocyte hypertrophy inflammation obesity adipokines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/1/129 |
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