In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata Vahl. (Euphorbiaceae) against some pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City, Yemen

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata against pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City. Fresh samples of leaves and stems were collected from various locations in Ibb, Yemen. The well diffusion method was employed to eva...

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Main Authors: Abeer Esmail, Hassan Alkhshar, Esam Aqlan, Bashar Atef, Turki Abdullah, Othman Al-parah, Bakil Alashmali, Radwan Almshrqyi, Montaser Ahmed, Mouath Qasim, Najmaldyn Alnsyry
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10034-w
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author Abeer Esmail
Hassan Alkhshar
Esam Aqlan
Bashar Atef
Turki Abdullah
Othman Al-parah
Bakil Alashmali
Radwan Almshrqyi
Montaser Ahmed
Mouath Qasim
Najmaldyn Alnsyry
author_facet Abeer Esmail
Hassan Alkhshar
Esam Aqlan
Bashar Atef
Turki Abdullah
Othman Al-parah
Bakil Alashmali
Radwan Almshrqyi
Montaser Ahmed
Mouath Qasim
Najmaldyn Alnsyry
author_sort Abeer Esmail
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata against pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City. Fresh samples of leaves and stems were collected from various locations in Ibb, Yemen. The well diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts against specific bacteria and Candida. The phytochemical evaluation of Jatropha variegata leaves and stems revealed that tannins and sterols were most concentrated in the ethanolic extract. The leaves of Jatropha variegata exhibited notable antibacterial activity, producing inhibition zones of 18 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 15 mm against both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In contrast, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Proteus spp. displayed resistance to the leaf extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the stem extract was 100 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Candida spp. For the leaf extract, the MIC was higher, “400 and 500 mg/mL” for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, while remaining 100 mg/mL for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Candida spp. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the stem extract was 500 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 100 mg/mL against Salmonella spp. Notably, the combined leaf and stem extracts demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial efficacy, evidenced by larger inhibition zones and improved MIC and MBC profiles, highlighting a potential synergistic effect.
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spelling doaj-art-99e09bdc3e9f4794b2823267343f829c2025-08-20T04:02:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-10034-wIn-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata Vahl. (Euphorbiaceae) against some pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City, YemenAbeer Esmail0Hassan Alkhshar1Esam Aqlan2Bashar Atef3Turki Abdullah4Othman Al-parah5Bakil Alashmali6Radwan Almshrqyi7Montaser Ahmed8Mouath Qasim9Najmaldyn Alnsyry10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, AL-Jazeera UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, AL-Jazeera UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibb UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, AL-Jazeera UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, AL-Jazeera UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, AL-Jazeera UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, AL-Jazeera UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, AL-Jazeera UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, AL-Jazeera UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, AL-Jazeera UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, AL-Jazeera UniversityAbstract This study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata against pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City. Fresh samples of leaves and stems were collected from various locations in Ibb, Yemen. The well diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts against specific bacteria and Candida. The phytochemical evaluation of Jatropha variegata leaves and stems revealed that tannins and sterols were most concentrated in the ethanolic extract. The leaves of Jatropha variegata exhibited notable antibacterial activity, producing inhibition zones of 18 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 15 mm against both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In contrast, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Proteus spp. displayed resistance to the leaf extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the stem extract was 100 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Candida spp. For the leaf extract, the MIC was higher, “400 and 500 mg/mL” for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, while remaining 100 mg/mL for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Candida spp. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the stem extract was 500 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 100 mg/mL against Salmonella spp. Notably, the combined leaf and stem extracts demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial efficacy, evidenced by larger inhibition zones and improved MIC and MBC profiles, highlighting a potential synergistic effect.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10034-wJatropha variegataAntimicrobial activityPhytochemical
spellingShingle Abeer Esmail
Hassan Alkhshar
Esam Aqlan
Bashar Atef
Turki Abdullah
Othman Al-parah
Bakil Alashmali
Radwan Almshrqyi
Montaser Ahmed
Mouath Qasim
Najmaldyn Alnsyry
In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata Vahl. (Euphorbiaceae) against some pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City, Yemen
Scientific Reports
Jatropha variegata
Antimicrobial activity
Phytochemical
title In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata Vahl. (Euphorbiaceae) against some pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City, Yemen
title_full In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata Vahl. (Euphorbiaceae) against some pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City, Yemen
title_fullStr In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata Vahl. (Euphorbiaceae) against some pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City, Yemen
title_full_unstemmed In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata Vahl. (Euphorbiaceae) against some pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City, Yemen
title_short In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Jatropha variegata Vahl. (Euphorbiaceae) against some pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in Ibb City, Yemen
title_sort in vitro antimicrobial activity of jatropha variegata vahl euphorbiaceae against some pathogenic microbes isolated from clinical samples in ibb city yemen
topic Jatropha variegata
Antimicrobial activity
Phytochemical
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10034-w
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