University Educators Perspectives on ChatGPT: A Technology Acceptance Model-Based Study

Integration of ChatGPT into higher education requires assessing university educators’ perspectives regarding this novel technology. This study aimed to validate a survey instrument specifically tailored to assess ChatGPT usability and acceptability among university educators based on the Technology...

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Main Authors: Muna Barakat, Nesreen A. Salim, Malik Sallam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE) 2025-04-01
Series:Open Praxis
Subjects:
Online Access:https://account.openpraxis.org/index.php/up-j-op/article/view/718
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author Muna Barakat
Nesreen A. Salim
Malik Sallam
author_facet Muna Barakat
Nesreen A. Salim
Malik Sallam
author_sort Muna Barakat
collection DOAJ
description Integration of ChatGPT into higher education requires assessing university educators’ perspectives regarding this novel technology. This study aimed to validate a survey instrument specifically tailored to assess ChatGPT usability and acceptability among university educators based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The survey instrument comprised 40 TAM-based items in addition to items assessing participants’ demographics. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal component analysis (PCA) to assess construct validity and Cronbach’s α for reliability. The final sample comprised 236 university educators, with 72% who heard of ChatGPT before the study (n = 169), of whom 76 have already used ChatGPT (45.0%). The EFA showed a significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity (p < 0.001) and adequate Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure (KMO = 0.698). The six constructs inferred through EFA explained a total of 64% of the variance in the educators’ attitude to ChatGPT. These constructs comprised 31 items classified into: (1) “Effectiveness” (α = 0.845), (2) “Anxiety” (α = 0.862), (3) “Technology readiness (α = 0.885), (4) Perceived usefulness (α = 0.848), (5) Social influence (α = 0.803), and (6) Perceived risk (α = 0.796). The study identified six key constructs that can be exploited for comprehensive understanding of the university educators’ attitude towards ChatGPT. The novel survey instrument herein termed “Ed-TAME-ChatGPT” involved positive influencing factors such as perceived usefulness and effectiveness, positive attitude to technology, and social influence in addition to negative factors comprising anxiety and perceived risk.
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spelling doaj-art-99da2dd740964a6c8e6d18c3211981ae2025-08-20T03:18:41ZengInternational Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)Open Praxis1369-99972304-070X2025-04-0117110.55982/openpraxis.17.1.718University Educators Perspectives on ChatGPT: A Technology Acceptance Model-Based StudyMuna Barakat0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-1172Nesreen A. Salim1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-2269Malik Sallam2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-9670Applied Science Private UniversityThe University of JordanThe University of Jordan Integration of ChatGPT into higher education requires assessing university educators’ perspectives regarding this novel technology. This study aimed to validate a survey instrument specifically tailored to assess ChatGPT usability and acceptability among university educators based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The survey instrument comprised 40 TAM-based items in addition to items assessing participants’ demographics. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal component analysis (PCA) to assess construct validity and Cronbach’s α for reliability. The final sample comprised 236 university educators, with 72% who heard of ChatGPT before the study (n = 169), of whom 76 have already used ChatGPT (45.0%). The EFA showed a significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity (p < 0.001) and adequate Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure (KMO = 0.698). The six constructs inferred through EFA explained a total of 64% of the variance in the educators’ attitude to ChatGPT. These constructs comprised 31 items classified into: (1) “Effectiveness” (α = 0.845), (2) “Anxiety” (α = 0.862), (3) “Technology readiness (α = 0.885), (4) Perceived usefulness (α = 0.848), (5) Social influence (α = 0.803), and (6) Perceived risk (α = 0.796). The study identified six key constructs that can be exploited for comprehensive understanding of the university educators’ attitude towards ChatGPT. The novel survey instrument herein termed “Ed-TAME-ChatGPT” involved positive influencing factors such as perceived usefulness and effectiveness, positive attitude to technology, and social influence in addition to negative factors comprising anxiety and perceived risk. https://account.openpraxis.org/index.php/up-j-op/article/view/718AI chatbotsGPTeducationtechnologyTechnology Acceptance ModelAI usability
spellingShingle Muna Barakat
Nesreen A. Salim
Malik Sallam
University Educators Perspectives on ChatGPT: A Technology Acceptance Model-Based Study
Open Praxis
AI chatbots
GPT
education
technology
Technology Acceptance Model
AI usability
title University Educators Perspectives on ChatGPT: A Technology Acceptance Model-Based Study
title_full University Educators Perspectives on ChatGPT: A Technology Acceptance Model-Based Study
title_fullStr University Educators Perspectives on ChatGPT: A Technology Acceptance Model-Based Study
title_full_unstemmed University Educators Perspectives on ChatGPT: A Technology Acceptance Model-Based Study
title_short University Educators Perspectives on ChatGPT: A Technology Acceptance Model-Based Study
title_sort university educators perspectives on chatgpt a technology acceptance model based study
topic AI chatbots
GPT
education
technology
Technology Acceptance Model
AI usability
url https://account.openpraxis.org/index.php/up-j-op/article/view/718
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