How do palatal extensions and brands affect the retention of custom-made mouthguards? An in vitro study
Abstract Background Retention performance is a prerequisite for the protective effect of custom-made mouthguards (MGs). The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of palatal extensions and brands on the retention of MGs and to provide a theoretical basis for designing comfortable MGs. Methods...
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BMC
2025-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05786-w |
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| author | Zhe Sun Ruitong Sun Meng Zhang Qingqiu Zhong Minghao Huang Xu Yan Liye Shi Jian Li |
| author_facet | Zhe Sun Ruitong Sun Meng Zhang Qingqiu Zhong Minghao Huang Xu Yan Liye Shi Jian Li |
| author_sort | Zhe Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Retention performance is a prerequisite for the protective effect of custom-made mouthguards (MGs). The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of palatal extensions and brands on the retention of MGs and to provide a theoretical basis for designing comfortable MGs. Methods Using an optimized fully dentate maxillary anatomical teaching model, two brands of sports MGs (Erkoflex (E) and Supsmile (S)) were created, with each brand preparing three identical splints, resulting in a total of six groups (E18, E28, E38, S18, S28, S38) with palatal margin extending 8 mm past the gingival margin. A testing machine applied a constant vertical traction force to each group of MGs at a speed of 50 mm/min until complete dislocation occurred, recording the peak stress value, with each group tested 30 times. Subsequently, each group of sports MGs was uniformly trimmed by 2 mm on the palatal edge, reducing the extensions to 6, 4, 2, and 0 mm, denoted as E1 (6, 4, 2, 0), E2 (6, 4, 2, 0), E3 (6, 4, 2, 0), S1 (6, 4, 2, 0), S2 (6, 4, 2, 0), and S3 (6, 4, 2, 0). The above experimental steps were repeated to obtain the retention force of MGs with different palatal extensions. Results The length of the palatal edge significantly affects the retention force of the MG (p < 0.001), with longer edges resulting in higher retention forces. The influence of different brands (S and E) on the retention force of the MG is minimal; trend analysis indicates that 86.9% of the retention force of S brand MGs can be explained by the palatal extension, while for E brand MGs, this figure is 88.6%. Conclusions Within the limitations of this experimental study, different extension ranges of the palatal edge of the MG significantly influence its retention, with longer palatal extensions yielding higher retention rates. Additionally, under the constraints of S brand and E brand, the brand of the splint does not significantly contribute to the retention of the MG. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-99d9e2f653fa410bb8b1b8145b97381f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-99d9e2f653fa410bb8b1b8145b97381f2025-08-20T02:40:43ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-03-012511810.1186/s12903-025-05786-wHow do palatal extensions and brands affect the retention of custom-made mouthguards? An in vitro studyZhe Sun0Ruitong Sun1Meng Zhang2Qingqiu Zhong3Minghao Huang4Xu Yan5Liye Shi6Jian Li7Department of Physical Education, Northeastern UniversityThe VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical UniversityThe VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical UniversityThe VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical UniversityCenter of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical UniversityThe VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical UniversityGeriatric Medicine Department, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityThe VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical UniversityAbstract Background Retention performance is a prerequisite for the protective effect of custom-made mouthguards (MGs). The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of palatal extensions and brands on the retention of MGs and to provide a theoretical basis for designing comfortable MGs. Methods Using an optimized fully dentate maxillary anatomical teaching model, two brands of sports MGs (Erkoflex (E) and Supsmile (S)) were created, with each brand preparing three identical splints, resulting in a total of six groups (E18, E28, E38, S18, S28, S38) with palatal margin extending 8 mm past the gingival margin. A testing machine applied a constant vertical traction force to each group of MGs at a speed of 50 mm/min until complete dislocation occurred, recording the peak stress value, with each group tested 30 times. Subsequently, each group of sports MGs was uniformly trimmed by 2 mm on the palatal edge, reducing the extensions to 6, 4, 2, and 0 mm, denoted as E1 (6, 4, 2, 0), E2 (6, 4, 2, 0), E3 (6, 4, 2, 0), S1 (6, 4, 2, 0), S2 (6, 4, 2, 0), and S3 (6, 4, 2, 0). The above experimental steps were repeated to obtain the retention force of MGs with different palatal extensions. Results The length of the palatal edge significantly affects the retention force of the MG (p < 0.001), with longer edges resulting in higher retention forces. The influence of different brands (S and E) on the retention force of the MG is minimal; trend analysis indicates that 86.9% of the retention force of S brand MGs can be explained by the palatal extension, while for E brand MGs, this figure is 88.6%. Conclusions Within the limitations of this experimental study, different extension ranges of the palatal edge of the MG significantly influence its retention, with longer palatal extensions yielding higher retention rates. Additionally, under the constraints of S brand and E brand, the brand of the splint does not significantly contribute to the retention of the MG.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05786-wRetentionMouthguardPalatal extensionBrand |
| spellingShingle | Zhe Sun Ruitong Sun Meng Zhang Qingqiu Zhong Minghao Huang Xu Yan Liye Shi Jian Li How do palatal extensions and brands affect the retention of custom-made mouthguards? An in vitro study BMC Oral Health Retention Mouthguard Palatal extension Brand |
| title | How do palatal extensions and brands affect the retention of custom-made mouthguards? An in vitro study |
| title_full | How do palatal extensions and brands affect the retention of custom-made mouthguards? An in vitro study |
| title_fullStr | How do palatal extensions and brands affect the retention of custom-made mouthguards? An in vitro study |
| title_full_unstemmed | How do palatal extensions and brands affect the retention of custom-made mouthguards? An in vitro study |
| title_short | How do palatal extensions and brands affect the retention of custom-made mouthguards? An in vitro study |
| title_sort | how do palatal extensions and brands affect the retention of custom made mouthguards an in vitro study |
| topic | Retention Mouthguard Palatal extension Brand |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05786-w |
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