Broadband Terahertz Polarizing Beam Splitter Based on a Graphene-Based Defective One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

Seeking operative terahertz (THz) devices has always stimulated considerable attention. Of particular interest is the THz beam splitter. Here, a tunable THz polarizing beam splitter (PBS) is proposed based on a graphene-embedded quarter-wave stack with a central defect layer of air. The spectral per...

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Main Authors: Ziba Saleki, Yurui Fang, Samad Roshan Entezar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2019-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8805387/
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author Ziba Saleki
Yurui Fang
Samad Roshan Entezar
author_facet Ziba Saleki
Yurui Fang
Samad Roshan Entezar
author_sort Ziba Saleki
collection DOAJ
description Seeking operative terahertz (THz) devices has always stimulated considerable attention. Of particular interest is the THz beam splitter. Here, a tunable THz polarizing beam splitter (PBS) is proposed based on a graphene-embedded quarter-wave stack with a central defect layer of air. The spectral performance of the structure is investigated by the transfer matrix method. It is found that the electromagnetic waves can be decomposed into two separate polarized waves at incident angles greater than the critical angle. Furthermore, it is shown that a new kind of Brewster angle is found at the low THz frequencies due to the existence of the graphene nano-layers. The appearance of this angle which we call it the graphene induced Brewster angle results in the separation of TM- and TE- polarized waves at the low THz frequencies (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f&lt; 2$</tex-math></inline-formula>&#x00A0;THz) in addition to the high THz region. It is shown that the working frequency range of PBS can be easily tuned by adjusting the width of the defect layer of air and also by tuning the chemical potential of graphene nano-layers via a gate voltage. The analysis of the proposed PBS is confirmed by the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations that were performed with the commercial software COMSOL 5.2. Our investigations also reveal that the high transmission extinction ratio (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt;200$</tex-math></inline-formula>&#x00A0;dB) for TM waves with frequency <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f&lt; 2$</tex-math></inline-formula>&#x00A0;THz is achieved by increasing the chemical potential to 0.5&#x00A0;eV. Moreover, this structure can exhibit extremely high extinction ratio for TE waves with high THz frequencies. Finally, the degree of polarization equals to one is reported for the PBS proposed here. This structure offers the opportunity to realize a high-efficiency PBS with very high extinction ratios at the broadband THz frequency.
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spelling doaj-art-99d97792d8d14cec86b929a22fc830d62025-08-20T02:42:01ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552019-01-0111511310.1109/JPHOT.2019.29350848805387Broadband Terahertz Polarizing Beam Splitter Based on a Graphene-Based Defective One-Dimensional Photonic CrystalZiba Saleki0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-8893Yurui Fang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3098-7681Samad Roshan Entezar2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-9114Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaKey Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaFaculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranSeeking operative terahertz (THz) devices has always stimulated considerable attention. Of particular interest is the THz beam splitter. Here, a tunable THz polarizing beam splitter (PBS) is proposed based on a graphene-embedded quarter-wave stack with a central defect layer of air. The spectral performance of the structure is investigated by the transfer matrix method. It is found that the electromagnetic waves can be decomposed into two separate polarized waves at incident angles greater than the critical angle. Furthermore, it is shown that a new kind of Brewster angle is found at the low THz frequencies due to the existence of the graphene nano-layers. The appearance of this angle which we call it the graphene induced Brewster angle results in the separation of TM- and TE- polarized waves at the low THz frequencies (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f&lt; 2$</tex-math></inline-formula>&#x00A0;THz) in addition to the high THz region. It is shown that the working frequency range of PBS can be easily tuned by adjusting the width of the defect layer of air and also by tuning the chemical potential of graphene nano-layers via a gate voltage. The analysis of the proposed PBS is confirmed by the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations that were performed with the commercial software COMSOL 5.2. Our investigations also reveal that the high transmission extinction ratio (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt;200$</tex-math></inline-formula>&#x00A0;dB) for TM waves with frequency <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f&lt; 2$</tex-math></inline-formula>&#x00A0;THz is achieved by increasing the chemical potential to 0.5&#x00A0;eV. Moreover, this structure can exhibit extremely high extinction ratio for TE waves with high THz frequencies. Finally, the degree of polarization equals to one is reported for the PBS proposed here. This structure offers the opportunity to realize a high-efficiency PBS with very high extinction ratios at the broadband THz frequency.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8805387/Polarizing beam-splitterdefective photonic crystalgraphene nano-layersextinction ratiodegree of polarization
spellingShingle Ziba Saleki
Yurui Fang
Samad Roshan Entezar
Broadband Terahertz Polarizing Beam Splitter Based on a Graphene-Based Defective One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal
IEEE Photonics Journal
Polarizing beam-splitter
defective photonic crystal
graphene nano-layers
extinction ratio
degree of polarization
title Broadband Terahertz Polarizing Beam Splitter Based on a Graphene-Based Defective One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal
title_full Broadband Terahertz Polarizing Beam Splitter Based on a Graphene-Based Defective One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal
title_fullStr Broadband Terahertz Polarizing Beam Splitter Based on a Graphene-Based Defective One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal
title_full_unstemmed Broadband Terahertz Polarizing Beam Splitter Based on a Graphene-Based Defective One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal
title_short Broadband Terahertz Polarizing Beam Splitter Based on a Graphene-Based Defective One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal
title_sort broadband terahertz polarizing beam splitter based on a graphene based defective one dimensional photonic crystal
topic Polarizing beam-splitter
defective photonic crystal
graphene nano-layers
extinction ratio
degree of polarization
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8805387/
work_keys_str_mv AT zibasaleki broadbandterahertzpolarizingbeamsplitterbasedonagraphenebaseddefectiveonedimensionalphotoniccrystal
AT yuruifang broadbandterahertzpolarizingbeamsplitterbasedonagraphenebaseddefectiveonedimensionalphotoniccrystal
AT samadroshanentezar broadbandterahertzpolarizingbeamsplitterbasedonagraphenebaseddefectiveonedimensionalphotoniccrystal