Hydrothermal carbonization approach for transforming biomass waste to value added hydrochar and its applications in water remediation

Industrialization and urbanization generate large volumes of wet biomass waste, leading to significant disposal challenges. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has emerged as a promising sustainable solution, converting wet biomass into hydrochar, a valuable byproduct with high carbon content, surface...

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Main Authors: Paul Sebastian Selvaraj, Parameswari Ettiyagounder, K. Sabarish, Kalaiselvi Periasamy, Balamurugan Rengasamy, Davamani Veeraswamy, Thirugnanasambandham Karchiyappan, Suganya Kathirvel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Desalination and Water Treatment
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002152
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author Paul Sebastian Selvaraj
Parameswari Ettiyagounder
K. Sabarish
Kalaiselvi Periasamy
Balamurugan Rengasamy
Davamani Veeraswamy
Thirugnanasambandham Karchiyappan
Suganya Kathirvel
author_facet Paul Sebastian Selvaraj
Parameswari Ettiyagounder
K. Sabarish
Kalaiselvi Periasamy
Balamurugan Rengasamy
Davamani Veeraswamy
Thirugnanasambandham Karchiyappan
Suganya Kathirvel
author_sort Paul Sebastian Selvaraj
collection DOAJ
description Industrialization and urbanization generate large volumes of wet biomass waste, leading to significant disposal challenges. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has emerged as a promising sustainable solution, converting wet biomass into hydrochar, a valuable byproduct with high carbon content, surface area, and oxygenated functional groups. These properties make hydrochar ideal for applications such as water remediation, energy production, and soil improvement. This review critically examines the mechanisms, key parameters, and applications of HTC, focusing on its role in water treatment. HTC operates under subcritical water conditions, facilitating the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass through hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, and condensation polymerization. The review highlights how hydrochar effectively adsorbs organic and inorganic pollutants from water. It also emphasizes the circular economy concept, promoting the recovery of value-added products from waste to support sustainable development goals (SDGs). By summarizing recent advancements and limitations, this review provides valuable insights for optimizing HTC in large-scale industrial applications and suggests future research directions to improve economic viability.
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issn 1944-3986
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publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Desalination and Water Treatment
spelling doaj-art-99c544b258df4e66962d7b79b180878e2025-08-20T02:32:23ZengElsevierDesalination and Water Treatment1944-39862025-04-0132210119910.1016/j.dwt.2025.101199Hydrothermal carbonization approach for transforming biomass waste to value added hydrochar and its applications in water remediationPaul Sebastian Selvaraj0Parameswari Ettiyagounder1K. Sabarish2Kalaiselvi Periasamy3Balamurugan Rengasamy4Davamani Veeraswamy5Thirugnanasambandham Karchiyappan6Suganya Kathirvel7Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kudumiyanmalai, Pudukkottai, Tamilnadu, IndiaNammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641003, India; Corresponding authors.Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641003, IndiaKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sandiyur, Salem, Tamilnadu, IndiaAgricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kudumiyanmalai, Pudukkottai, Tamilnadu, IndiaDirectorate of Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IndiaNammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641003, India; Corresponding authors.Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641003, IndiaIndustrialization and urbanization generate large volumes of wet biomass waste, leading to significant disposal challenges. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has emerged as a promising sustainable solution, converting wet biomass into hydrochar, a valuable byproduct with high carbon content, surface area, and oxygenated functional groups. These properties make hydrochar ideal for applications such as water remediation, energy production, and soil improvement. This review critically examines the mechanisms, key parameters, and applications of HTC, focusing on its role in water treatment. HTC operates under subcritical water conditions, facilitating the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass through hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, and condensation polymerization. The review highlights how hydrochar effectively adsorbs organic and inorganic pollutants from water. It also emphasizes the circular economy concept, promoting the recovery of value-added products from waste to support sustainable development goals (SDGs). By summarizing recent advancements and limitations, this review provides valuable insights for optimizing HTC in large-scale industrial applications and suggests future research directions to improve economic viability.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002152Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)HydrocharPulp and paper mill effluentBiomass conversionPollutant adsorptionSustainable waste management
spellingShingle Paul Sebastian Selvaraj
Parameswari Ettiyagounder
K. Sabarish
Kalaiselvi Periasamy
Balamurugan Rengasamy
Davamani Veeraswamy
Thirugnanasambandham Karchiyappan
Suganya Kathirvel
Hydrothermal carbonization approach for transforming biomass waste to value added hydrochar and its applications in water remediation
Desalination and Water Treatment
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)
Hydrochar
Pulp and paper mill effluent
Biomass conversion
Pollutant adsorption
Sustainable waste management
title Hydrothermal carbonization approach for transforming biomass waste to value added hydrochar and its applications in water remediation
title_full Hydrothermal carbonization approach for transforming biomass waste to value added hydrochar and its applications in water remediation
title_fullStr Hydrothermal carbonization approach for transforming biomass waste to value added hydrochar and its applications in water remediation
title_full_unstemmed Hydrothermal carbonization approach for transforming biomass waste to value added hydrochar and its applications in water remediation
title_short Hydrothermal carbonization approach for transforming biomass waste to value added hydrochar and its applications in water remediation
title_sort hydrothermal carbonization approach for transforming biomass waste to value added hydrochar and its applications in water remediation
topic Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)
Hydrochar
Pulp and paper mill effluent
Biomass conversion
Pollutant adsorption
Sustainable waste management
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002152
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