Potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of Candida albicans to fluconazole

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of causing superficial mucosal and systemic infections, sometimes leading to life-threatening conditions. The increasing resistance of C. albicans to azole antifungals has become a significant challenge in clinical treatment. Lysi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nana Song, Yuying Huang, Xiaowei Zhou, Dongmei Li, Weida Liu, Xiaofang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Microbiology 2025-05-01
Series:Microbiology Spectrum
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02797-24
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850203395583901696
author Nana Song
Yuying Huang
Xiaowei Zhou
Dongmei Li
Weida Liu
Xiaofang Li
author_facet Nana Song
Yuying Huang
Xiaowei Zhou
Dongmei Li
Weida Liu
Xiaofang Li
author_sort Nana Song
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of causing superficial mucosal and systemic infections, sometimes leading to life-threatening conditions. The increasing resistance of C. albicans to azole antifungals has become a significant challenge in clinical treatment. Lysine acetylation (KAc) is a well-studied post-translational modification that plays crucial roles in various biological processes. However, its impact on antifungal resistance in C. albicans remains poorly understood. Five strains of C. albicans isolated from the same patient, representing different stages of acquired fluconazole resistance in vivo, were used in this study to investigate the potential regulatory mechanism of KAc on the development of azole resistance in C. albicans. Quantitative proteomic analysis using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling, acetylation enrichment, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was conducted on these five strains. We divided all strains into four comparison groups and identified a total of 1,796 lysine acetylation sites across 938 proteins, with quantitative data available for 1,314 acetylation sites in 712 proteins. Analysis of 155 significantly differentially modified sites revealed that the acetylation levels of key proteins involved in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for entry into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy production were initially decreased and then increased during the acquisition of fluconazole resistance. Additionally, the acetylation levels of proteins involved in ribosome synthesis, translation processes, and amino acid synthesis were found to increase. Therefore, lysine acetylation in C. albicans may contribute to azole resistance by regulating energy metabolism and protein synthesis.IMPORTANCECandida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, presents significant clinical challenges due to its escalating resistance to azole antifungals, especially fluconazole. This study investigates the role of lysine acetylation in the development of azole resistance using multiple strains isolated from a single patient with varying resistance levels. Through advanced proteomic analysis, we identified numerous lysine acetylation sites on proteins involved in key metabolic pathways. The results revealed a dynamic change in the acetylation of proteins related to energy metabolism — specifically, those connecting pyruvate to the tricarboxylic acid cycle—which correlated with the evolution of resistance. Additionally, increased acetylation was observed in proteins linked to ribosome synthesis and translation processes. These findings suggest that lysine acetylation is crucial for regulating metabolic and protein synthesis pathways, potentially influencing azole resistance in C. albicans.
format Article
id doaj-art-99c2a0822ffc41068fa5e35fa77e7f71
institution OA Journals
issn 2165-0497
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher American Society for Microbiology
record_format Article
series Microbiology Spectrum
spelling doaj-art-99c2a0822ffc41068fa5e35fa77e7f712025-08-20T02:11:31ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972025-05-0113510.1128/spectrum.02797-24Potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of Candida albicans to fluconazoleNana Song0Yuying Huang1Xiaowei Zhou2Dongmei Li3Weida Liu4Xiaofang Li5Department of Medical Mycology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Medical Mycology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Medical Mycology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USADepartment of Medical Mycology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Medical Mycology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaABSTRACT Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of causing superficial mucosal and systemic infections, sometimes leading to life-threatening conditions. The increasing resistance of C. albicans to azole antifungals has become a significant challenge in clinical treatment. Lysine acetylation (KAc) is a well-studied post-translational modification that plays crucial roles in various biological processes. However, its impact on antifungal resistance in C. albicans remains poorly understood. Five strains of C. albicans isolated from the same patient, representing different stages of acquired fluconazole resistance in vivo, were used in this study to investigate the potential regulatory mechanism of KAc on the development of azole resistance in C. albicans. Quantitative proteomic analysis using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling, acetylation enrichment, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was conducted on these five strains. We divided all strains into four comparison groups and identified a total of 1,796 lysine acetylation sites across 938 proteins, with quantitative data available for 1,314 acetylation sites in 712 proteins. Analysis of 155 significantly differentially modified sites revealed that the acetylation levels of key proteins involved in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for entry into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy production were initially decreased and then increased during the acquisition of fluconazole resistance. Additionally, the acetylation levels of proteins involved in ribosome synthesis, translation processes, and amino acid synthesis were found to increase. Therefore, lysine acetylation in C. albicans may contribute to azole resistance by regulating energy metabolism and protein synthesis.IMPORTANCECandida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, presents significant clinical challenges due to its escalating resistance to azole antifungals, especially fluconazole. This study investigates the role of lysine acetylation in the development of azole resistance using multiple strains isolated from a single patient with varying resistance levels. Through advanced proteomic analysis, we identified numerous lysine acetylation sites on proteins involved in key metabolic pathways. The results revealed a dynamic change in the acetylation of proteins related to energy metabolism — specifically, those connecting pyruvate to the tricarboxylic acid cycle—which correlated with the evolution of resistance. Additionally, increased acetylation was observed in proteins linked to ribosome synthesis and translation processes. These findings suggest that lysine acetylation is crucial for regulating metabolic and protein synthesis pathways, potentially influencing azole resistance in C. albicans.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02797-24Candida albicansacquired fluconazole resistancein vivolysine acetylationtandem mass tag labeling
spellingShingle Nana Song
Yuying Huang
Xiaowei Zhou
Dongmei Li
Weida Liu
Xiaofang Li
Potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of Candida albicans to fluconazole
Microbiology Spectrum
Candida albicans
acquired fluconazole resistancein vivo
lysine acetylation
tandem mass tag labeling
title Potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of Candida albicans to fluconazole
title_full Potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of Candida albicans to fluconazole
title_fullStr Potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of Candida albicans to fluconazole
title_full_unstemmed Potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of Candida albicans to fluconazole
title_short Potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of Candida albicans to fluconazole
title_sort potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of candida albicans to fluconazole
topic Candida albicans
acquired fluconazole resistancein vivo
lysine acetylation
tandem mass tag labeling
url https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02797-24
work_keys_str_mv AT nanasong potentialroleoflysineacetylationinthestepwiseadaptationofcandidaalbicanstofluconazole
AT yuyinghuang potentialroleoflysineacetylationinthestepwiseadaptationofcandidaalbicanstofluconazole
AT xiaoweizhou potentialroleoflysineacetylationinthestepwiseadaptationofcandidaalbicanstofluconazole
AT dongmeili potentialroleoflysineacetylationinthestepwiseadaptationofcandidaalbicanstofluconazole
AT weidaliu potentialroleoflysineacetylationinthestepwiseadaptationofcandidaalbicanstofluconazole
AT xiaofangli potentialroleoflysineacetylationinthestepwiseadaptationofcandidaalbicanstofluconazole