The Role of Heuristics and Biases in the Choice of Risk Triggers for Novel Foods and GMOs in the European Union

In the European Union (EU), novel foods and Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are subject to long and costly authorisation procedures and post-marketing requirements. The regulatory frameworks applicable to novel foods and GMOs come into effect based on perceived factors of risk. These “risk tri...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alessandro Monaco, Herwig C.H. Hofmann, Felix Pflücke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-03-01
Series:European Journal of Risk Regulation
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1867299X24000485/type/journal_article
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Summary:In the European Union (EU), novel foods and Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are subject to long and costly authorisation procedures and post-marketing requirements. The regulatory frameworks applicable to novel foods and GMOs come into effect based on perceived factors of risk. These “risk triggers” are characteristics of novel foods and GMOs which differentiate them from traditional foods, creating a presumption of risk. Within the EU, consumer acceptance of genetically modified foods and novel foods like insects or cultivated meat is shaped by heuristics and biases, mainly focusing on the “novelty” and “unnaturalness” of these products, resulting in a predominantly negative perception. This paper investigates the close connection between cognitive biases identified in consumer perception literature and the implementation of specific risk triggers in the regulation of novel foods and GMOs in the EU. It subsequently raises concerns about the appropriateness of these risk triggers in forming a presumption of risk for these innovative products.
ISSN:1867-299X
2190-8249