Evaluating the efficacy of three classical EEG paradigms in the discrimination of bipolar depression
ObjectiveGiven the lack of consensus regarding the optimal EEG paradigm for identifying bipolar depression (BD), this study sought to systematically evaluate the efficacy of three classic EEG paradigms—eyes open, eyes closed, and free viewing—in diagnosing BD.MethodsEEGs were collected from 28 indiv...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1545132/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849689052551315456 |
|---|---|
| author | Chen Yang Yao Pi Weijie Wang Ying Huang Nan Tang Hong Wang Shenglin Wen |
| author_facet | Chen Yang Yao Pi Weijie Wang Ying Huang Nan Tang Hong Wang Shenglin Wen |
| author_sort | Chen Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveGiven the lack of consensus regarding the optimal EEG paradigm for identifying bipolar depression (BD), this study sought to systematically evaluate the efficacy of three classic EEG paradigms—eyes open, eyes closed, and free viewing—in diagnosing BD.MethodsEEGs were collected from 28 individuals diagnosed with BD and 42 healthy controls(HCs) across three experimental conditions: eyes closed, eyes open, and free viewing. Sociodemographic data and neuropsychological testing were also collected. This research investigated notable variations in brain functional connectivity between the two groups across paradigms, the correlation of features with neuropsychological assessments, and classification outcomes.ResultsThe results demonstrated that under the eyes-closed paradigm, significant differences in the Phase Lag Index (PLI) were consistently observed across the δ, θ, β, and γ frequency bands. This paradigm also featured the highest number of electrodes significantly correlated with cognitive scales. Furthermore, the eyes-closed condition achieved the highest accuracy in bipolar depression recognition, with the Random Forest classifier yielding the highest accuracy of 79.43% and an F1 score of 76.82%. These findings underscore the eyes closed paradigm as a superior, straightforward EEG experimental approach for the diagnosis of bipolar depression.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the eyes closed experimental paradigm more effectively demonstrates the electrophysiological disparities between patients with BD and HCs, in comparison to the eyes open paradigm and the action observation-based free viewing paradigms, as determined through the analysis of various outcome metrics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-99c008bfd5a6463cb2adc2d696fc0eca |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-99c008bfd5a6463cb2adc2d696fc0eca2025-08-20T03:21:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-05-011610.3389/fpsyt.2025.15451321545132Evaluating the efficacy of three classical EEG paradigms in the discrimination of bipolar depressionChen Yang0Yao Pi1Weijie Wang2Ying Huang3Nan Tang4Hong Wang5Shenglin Wen6Department of Psychology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, ChinaThe School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, ChinaDepartment of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, ChinaObjectiveGiven the lack of consensus regarding the optimal EEG paradigm for identifying bipolar depression (BD), this study sought to systematically evaluate the efficacy of three classic EEG paradigms—eyes open, eyes closed, and free viewing—in diagnosing BD.MethodsEEGs were collected from 28 individuals diagnosed with BD and 42 healthy controls(HCs) across three experimental conditions: eyes closed, eyes open, and free viewing. Sociodemographic data and neuropsychological testing were also collected. This research investigated notable variations in brain functional connectivity between the two groups across paradigms, the correlation of features with neuropsychological assessments, and classification outcomes.ResultsThe results demonstrated that under the eyes-closed paradigm, significant differences in the Phase Lag Index (PLI) were consistently observed across the δ, θ, β, and γ frequency bands. This paradigm also featured the highest number of electrodes significantly correlated with cognitive scales. Furthermore, the eyes-closed condition achieved the highest accuracy in bipolar depression recognition, with the Random Forest classifier yielding the highest accuracy of 79.43% and an F1 score of 76.82%. These findings underscore the eyes closed paradigm as a superior, straightforward EEG experimental approach for the diagnosis of bipolar depression.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the eyes closed experimental paradigm more effectively demonstrates the electrophysiological disparities between patients with BD and HCs, in comparison to the eyes open paradigm and the action observation-based free viewing paradigms, as determined through the analysis of various outcome metrics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1545132/fullbipolar depression (BD)electroencephalogram (EEG)experimental paradigmsphase lag index (PLI)neuropsychological assessmentsclassification |
| spellingShingle | Chen Yang Yao Pi Weijie Wang Ying Huang Nan Tang Hong Wang Shenglin Wen Evaluating the efficacy of three classical EEG paradigms in the discrimination of bipolar depression Frontiers in Psychiatry bipolar depression (BD) electroencephalogram (EEG) experimental paradigms phase lag index (PLI) neuropsychological assessments classification |
| title | Evaluating the efficacy of three classical EEG paradigms in the discrimination of bipolar depression |
| title_full | Evaluating the efficacy of three classical EEG paradigms in the discrimination of bipolar depression |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the efficacy of three classical EEG paradigms in the discrimination of bipolar depression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the efficacy of three classical EEG paradigms in the discrimination of bipolar depression |
| title_short | Evaluating the efficacy of three classical EEG paradigms in the discrimination of bipolar depression |
| title_sort | evaluating the efficacy of three classical eeg paradigms in the discrimination of bipolar depression |
| topic | bipolar depression (BD) electroencephalogram (EEG) experimental paradigms phase lag index (PLI) neuropsychological assessments classification |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1545132/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chenyang evaluatingtheefficacyofthreeclassicaleegparadigmsinthediscriminationofbipolardepression AT yaopi evaluatingtheefficacyofthreeclassicaleegparadigmsinthediscriminationofbipolardepression AT weijiewang evaluatingtheefficacyofthreeclassicaleegparadigmsinthediscriminationofbipolardepression AT yinghuang evaluatingtheefficacyofthreeclassicaleegparadigmsinthediscriminationofbipolardepression AT nantang evaluatingtheefficacyofthreeclassicaleegparadigmsinthediscriminationofbipolardepression AT hongwang evaluatingtheefficacyofthreeclassicaleegparadigmsinthediscriminationofbipolardepression AT shenglinwen evaluatingtheefficacyofthreeclassicaleegparadigmsinthediscriminationofbipolardepression |