Improving the Protection of Step-Down Transformers by Utilizing Percentage Differential Protection and Scale-Dependent Intrinsic Entropy

Transformer operations are susceptible to both internal and external faults. This study primarily employed software to construct a power system simulation model featuring a step-down transformer. The simulation model comprised three single-phase transformers with ten tap positions at the secondary c...

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Main Authors: Chia-Wei Huang, Chih-Chiang Fang, Wei-Tai Hsu, Chih-Chung Yang, Li-Ting Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Entropy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/4/444
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author Chia-Wei Huang
Chih-Chiang Fang
Wei-Tai Hsu
Chih-Chung Yang
Li-Ting Zhou
author_facet Chia-Wei Huang
Chih-Chiang Fang
Wei-Tai Hsu
Chih-Chung Yang
Li-Ting Zhou
author_sort Chia-Wei Huang
collection DOAJ
description Transformer operations are susceptible to both internal and external faults. This study primarily employed software to construct a power system simulation model featuring a step-down transformer. The simulation model comprised three single-phase transformers with ten tap positions at the secondary coil to analyze internal faults. Additionally, ten fault positions between the power transformer and the load were considered for external fault analysis. The protection scheme incorporated percentage differential protection for both the power transformer and the transmission line, aiming to explore fault characteristics. To mitigate the protection device’s sensitivity issues, the scale-dependent intrinsic entropy method was utilized as a decision support system to minimize power system protection misoperations. The results indicated the effectiveness and practicality of the auxiliary method through comprehensive failure analysis.
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id doaj-art-99bc1a8f5021482c8cb0ade8d746804c
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issn 1099-4300
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Entropy
spelling doaj-art-99bc1a8f5021482c8cb0ade8d746804c2025-08-20T02:17:20ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002025-04-0127444410.3390/e27040444Improving the Protection of Step-Down Transformers by Utilizing Percentage Differential Protection and Scale-Dependent Intrinsic EntropyChia-Wei Huang0Chih-Chiang Fang1Wei-Tai Hsu2Chih-Chung Yang3Li-Ting Zhou4Department of Electrical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Software, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, ChinaTransformer operations are susceptible to both internal and external faults. This study primarily employed software to construct a power system simulation model featuring a step-down transformer. The simulation model comprised three single-phase transformers with ten tap positions at the secondary coil to analyze internal faults. Additionally, ten fault positions between the power transformer and the load were considered for external fault analysis. The protection scheme incorporated percentage differential protection for both the power transformer and the transmission line, aiming to explore fault characteristics. To mitigate the protection device’s sensitivity issues, the scale-dependent intrinsic entropy method was utilized as a decision support system to minimize power system protection misoperations. The results indicated the effectiveness and practicality of the auxiliary method through comprehensive failure analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/4/444percentage differential protectionfault diagnosispower transformercomplexity
spellingShingle Chia-Wei Huang
Chih-Chiang Fang
Wei-Tai Hsu
Chih-Chung Yang
Li-Ting Zhou
Improving the Protection of Step-Down Transformers by Utilizing Percentage Differential Protection and Scale-Dependent Intrinsic Entropy
Entropy
percentage differential protection
fault diagnosis
power transformer
complexity
title Improving the Protection of Step-Down Transformers by Utilizing Percentage Differential Protection and Scale-Dependent Intrinsic Entropy
title_full Improving the Protection of Step-Down Transformers by Utilizing Percentage Differential Protection and Scale-Dependent Intrinsic Entropy
title_fullStr Improving the Protection of Step-Down Transformers by Utilizing Percentage Differential Protection and Scale-Dependent Intrinsic Entropy
title_full_unstemmed Improving the Protection of Step-Down Transformers by Utilizing Percentage Differential Protection and Scale-Dependent Intrinsic Entropy
title_short Improving the Protection of Step-Down Transformers by Utilizing Percentage Differential Protection and Scale-Dependent Intrinsic Entropy
title_sort improving the protection of step down transformers by utilizing percentage differential protection and scale dependent intrinsic entropy
topic percentage differential protection
fault diagnosis
power transformer
complexity
url https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/4/444
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