Ethanolic Extract of <i>Ganoderma mexicanum</i> Pat. Mycelium: A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiproliferative Activity and Potential PPAR-γ Natural Ligands

<b>Background/Objective:</b> <i>Ganoderma</i> spp. have long been studied for their bioactive pharmacological properties, and their biomass and extracts have been obtained from various sources. This study adopts a novel approach: enriching a liquid culture of <i>Ganoder...

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Main Authors: Lucia T. Angulo-Sanchez, Max Vidal-Gutiérrez, Heriberto Torres-Moreno, Martín Esqueda, Aldo Gutiérrez, Georgina Vargas, Juan Luis Monribot-Villanueva, José A. Guerrero-Analco, César Muñoz-Bacasehua, Ramón Enrique Robles-Zepeda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/6/909
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Summary:<b>Background/Objective:</b> <i>Ganoderma</i> spp. have long been studied for their bioactive pharmacological properties, and their biomass and extracts have been obtained from various sources. This study adopts a novel approach: enriching a liquid culture of <i>Ganoderma mexicanum</i> with a vineyard pruning waste extract to identify bioactive compounds with antiproliferative activity through enriched chromatographic fractions. <b>Methods:</b> The ethanolic extract from a mycelial culture was separated following a partitioning process, and the hexane fraction was subsequently separated in a chromatographic column. The fractions were evaluated for their antiproliferative properties against cancer cell lines. The interactions of the molecules identified with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were analyzed via molecular docking. <b>Results:</b> Three chromatographic fractions (FH11–FH13) exhibited antiproliferative activity which was significantly more effective against non-small lung cancer cells (A549). The cells treated with the crude extract and fractions presented a balloon-like morphology. A chemical analysis of the active fractions allowed us to identify four compounds: one fatty acid (9-Hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid) and three triterpenes (ganoderic acids DM, TQ, and X). These compounds showed interactions with the PPAR-γ receptor through molecular docking. <b>Conclusions</b>: <i>Ganoderma mexicanum</i> is a promising source of compounds with antiproliferative activity that could serve as natural ligands for PPAR-γ and has possible applications in lung cancer therapy.
ISSN:1424-8247