Analytical Techniques for the Authenticity Evaluation of Chokeberry, Blackberry and Raspberry Fruit Wines: Exploring FT-MIR Analysis and Chemometrics

The modern analytical technique of Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR) has found its place in routine wine quality control. It allows rapid and nondestructive analysis, with easy sample preparation and without the need for chemical pretreatment or expensive reagents. The objective o...

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Main Authors: Ivana Vladimira Petric, Boris Duralija, Renata Leder
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Horticulturae
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/10/1043
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author Ivana Vladimira Petric
Boris Duralija
Renata Leder
author_facet Ivana Vladimira Petric
Boris Duralija
Renata Leder
author_sort Ivana Vladimira Petric
collection DOAJ
description The modern analytical technique of Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR) has found its place in routine wine quality control. It allows rapid and nondestructive analysis, with easy sample preparation and without the need for chemical pretreatment or expensive reagents. The objective of this research was to apply these advantages to fruit wines in order to create a tool for the authentication of fruit wines produced from different fruit species (chokeberry, blackberry, and raspberry). The aim of this work was to establish a chemometric model from FT-MIR spectra and to find a “fingerprint” of specific fruit wines, enabling the classification of fruit wines by plant species. Physicochemical analysis of 111 Croatian fruit wine samples (38 liqueur fruit wines and 73 fruit wines) revealed content levels of the following parameters: alcoholic strength (5.0–15.2% vol.), total dry extract (60.4–253.3 g/L), total sugars (1.2–229.9 g/L), pH (3.13–4.98), total acidity (4.2–18.3 g/L) and volatile acidity (0.2–1.5 g/L). For statistical data processing, spectral ranges between 926 and 1450 cm<sup>−1</sup> and between 1801 and 2951 cm<sup>−1</sup> were used. The first principal component (PC1) explained 70.4% of the observed variation, and the second component (PC2) explained 16.7%, clearly separating chokeberry fruit wines from blackberry and raspberry fruit wines. Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogy (SIMCA) was performed following the development of a PCA model showing that the chokeberry and blackberry wine samples form clearly separated clusters. Key discriminators for classifying chokeberry vs. blackberry wines were identified at 1157, 1304, and 1435 cm<sup>−1</sup>, demonstrating high discrimination power (DP 26, 17, and 14, respectively). FT-MIR spectroscopy, in combination with chemometric methods, has shown promising potential for the authenticity assessment of fruit wines.
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spelling doaj-art-999bae94c5c749d08f4dbcd529cf19bf2025-08-20T02:11:13ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-09-011010104310.3390/horticulturae10101043Analytical Techniques for the Authenticity Evaluation of Chokeberry, Blackberry and Raspberry Fruit Wines: Exploring FT-MIR Analysis and ChemometricsIvana Vladimira Petric0Boris Duralija1Renata Leder2Department for Authentic Products, Center for Viticulture, Enology and Edible Oils Analysis, Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Gorice 68b, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Physico-Chemical Testing, Center for Viticulture, Enology and Edible Oils Analysis, Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Gorice 68b, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaThe modern analytical technique of Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR) has found its place in routine wine quality control. It allows rapid and nondestructive analysis, with easy sample preparation and without the need for chemical pretreatment or expensive reagents. The objective of this research was to apply these advantages to fruit wines in order to create a tool for the authentication of fruit wines produced from different fruit species (chokeberry, blackberry, and raspberry). The aim of this work was to establish a chemometric model from FT-MIR spectra and to find a “fingerprint” of specific fruit wines, enabling the classification of fruit wines by plant species. Physicochemical analysis of 111 Croatian fruit wine samples (38 liqueur fruit wines and 73 fruit wines) revealed content levels of the following parameters: alcoholic strength (5.0–15.2% vol.), total dry extract (60.4–253.3 g/L), total sugars (1.2–229.9 g/L), pH (3.13–4.98), total acidity (4.2–18.3 g/L) and volatile acidity (0.2–1.5 g/L). For statistical data processing, spectral ranges between 926 and 1450 cm<sup>−1</sup> and between 1801 and 2951 cm<sup>−1</sup> were used. The first principal component (PC1) explained 70.4% of the observed variation, and the second component (PC2) explained 16.7%, clearly separating chokeberry fruit wines from blackberry and raspberry fruit wines. Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogy (SIMCA) was performed following the development of a PCA model showing that the chokeberry and blackberry wine samples form clearly separated clusters. Key discriminators for classifying chokeberry vs. blackberry wines were identified at 1157, 1304, and 1435 cm<sup>−1</sup>, demonstrating high discrimination power (DP 26, 17, and 14, respectively). FT-MIR spectroscopy, in combination with chemometric methods, has shown promising potential for the authenticity assessment of fruit wines.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/10/1043fruit wine authenticityFT-MIR spectroscopyphysicochemical analysismultivariate data analysis (PCA/SIMCA)chemometric modeling
spellingShingle Ivana Vladimira Petric
Boris Duralija
Renata Leder
Analytical Techniques for the Authenticity Evaluation of Chokeberry, Blackberry and Raspberry Fruit Wines: Exploring FT-MIR Analysis and Chemometrics
Horticulturae
fruit wine authenticity
FT-MIR spectroscopy
physicochemical analysis
multivariate data analysis (PCA/SIMCA)
chemometric modeling
title Analytical Techniques for the Authenticity Evaluation of Chokeberry, Blackberry and Raspberry Fruit Wines: Exploring FT-MIR Analysis and Chemometrics
title_full Analytical Techniques for the Authenticity Evaluation of Chokeberry, Blackberry and Raspberry Fruit Wines: Exploring FT-MIR Analysis and Chemometrics
title_fullStr Analytical Techniques for the Authenticity Evaluation of Chokeberry, Blackberry and Raspberry Fruit Wines: Exploring FT-MIR Analysis and Chemometrics
title_full_unstemmed Analytical Techniques for the Authenticity Evaluation of Chokeberry, Blackberry and Raspberry Fruit Wines: Exploring FT-MIR Analysis and Chemometrics
title_short Analytical Techniques for the Authenticity Evaluation of Chokeberry, Blackberry and Raspberry Fruit Wines: Exploring FT-MIR Analysis and Chemometrics
title_sort analytical techniques for the authenticity evaluation of chokeberry blackberry and raspberry fruit wines exploring ft mir analysis and chemometrics
topic fruit wine authenticity
FT-MIR spectroscopy
physicochemical analysis
multivariate data analysis (PCA/SIMCA)
chemometric modeling
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/10/1043
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