Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017
Abstract We analyzed the space weather events of 6–10 September 2017 using the multi‐instrument approach. We focused on the four X‐class flares which emanated from the Active Region AR 12673 and the Ground Induced Currents hazard associated with the geomagnetic storm of 7–8 September 2017. The flare...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Space Weather |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002806 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841536422244253696 |
|---|---|
| author | Paul O. Amaechi Andrew O. Akala Johnson O. Oyedokun K. G. Simi O. Aghogho Elijah O. Oyeyemi |
| author_facet | Paul O. Amaechi Andrew O. Akala Johnson O. Oyedokun K. G. Simi O. Aghogho Elijah O. Oyeyemi |
| author_sort | Paul O. Amaechi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We analyzed the space weather events of 6–10 September 2017 using the multi‐instrument approach. We focused on the four X‐class flares which emanated from the Active Region AR 12673 and the Ground Induced Currents hazard associated with the geomagnetic storm of 7–8 September 2017. The flare effect on the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) recorded on board the SWARM satellite and on the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field (H) records of ground‐based magnetometers was further examined. During the X2.2/X1.3 flares of 6/7 September, the maximum percentage Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) increase was 6.9%/5.0% in Dakar/Porto Velho. During the X9.3/X8.2 flare of 6/10 September it was 7.9%/18.8% in Ascension Island/Kourou. The strongest Solar Flare Effect occurred in Mbour and Kourou during the respective flare. However, the highest EEJ increase was observed during the X2.2 and X9.3 flares. Interestingly, the X.9.3 flare resulted in a stronger ionospheric response than the X8.2 flare. Furthermore, global TEC map showed a higher response in the African and South American longitude during the respective event. The total radio fade‐out lasted from 30 to 90 min at the Hermanus and Sao Luis ionosondes during the flares, while the risk level to critical ground infrastructures based on the geomagnetically induced currents hazard was very low risk. Our results highlight the potential GPS positioning errors induced by sudden increase in TEC and the loss of high‐frequency communication and GNSS navigation signals associated with these solar events. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-998a3db9d66b4de5bf695039072d3213 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-998a3db9d66b4de5bf695039072d32132025-01-14T16:27:22ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902021-12-011912n/an/a10.1029/2021SW002806Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017Paul O. Amaechi0Andrew O. Akala1Johnson O. Oyedokun2K. G. Simi3O. Aghogho4Elijah O. Oyeyemi5Department of Physical Sciences Chrisland University Abeokuta NigeriaDepartment of Physics University of Lagos Akoka NigeriaDepartment of Physics University of Lagos Akoka NigeriaDepartment of Physics VTM NSS College Dhanuvachapuram University of Kerala Trivandrum IndiaDepartment of Physics Lagos State University Lagos NigeriaDepartment of Physics University of Lagos Akoka NigeriaAbstract We analyzed the space weather events of 6–10 September 2017 using the multi‐instrument approach. We focused on the four X‐class flares which emanated from the Active Region AR 12673 and the Ground Induced Currents hazard associated with the geomagnetic storm of 7–8 September 2017. The flare effect on the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) recorded on board the SWARM satellite and on the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field (H) records of ground‐based magnetometers was further examined. During the X2.2/X1.3 flares of 6/7 September, the maximum percentage Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) increase was 6.9%/5.0% in Dakar/Porto Velho. During the X9.3/X8.2 flare of 6/10 September it was 7.9%/18.8% in Ascension Island/Kourou. The strongest Solar Flare Effect occurred in Mbour and Kourou during the respective flare. However, the highest EEJ increase was observed during the X2.2 and X9.3 flares. Interestingly, the X.9.3 flare resulted in a stronger ionospheric response than the X8.2 flare. Furthermore, global TEC map showed a higher response in the African and South American longitude during the respective event. The total radio fade‐out lasted from 30 to 90 min at the Hermanus and Sao Luis ionosondes during the flares, while the risk level to critical ground infrastructures based on the geomagnetically induced currents hazard was very low risk. Our results highlight the potential GPS positioning errors induced by sudden increase in TEC and the loss of high‐frequency communication and GNSS navigation signals associated with these solar events.https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002806space weatherX‐class solar flareCorona Mass Ejectionequatorial electrojetmagnetic crochettotal electron content |
| spellingShingle | Paul O. Amaechi Andrew O. Akala Johnson O. Oyedokun K. G. Simi O. Aghogho Elijah O. Oyeyemi Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017 Space Weather space weather X‐class solar flare Corona Mass Ejection equatorial electrojet magnetic crochet total electron content |
| title | Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017 |
| title_full | Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017 |
| title_fullStr | Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017 |
| title_short | Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017 |
| title_sort | multi instrument investigation of the impact of the space weather events of 6 10 september 2017 |
| topic | space weather X‐class solar flare Corona Mass Ejection equatorial electrojet magnetic crochet total electron content |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002806 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pauloamaechi multiinstrumentinvestigationoftheimpactofthespaceweathereventsof610september2017 AT andrewoakala multiinstrumentinvestigationoftheimpactofthespaceweathereventsof610september2017 AT johnsonooyedokun multiinstrumentinvestigationoftheimpactofthespaceweathereventsof610september2017 AT kgsimi multiinstrumentinvestigationoftheimpactofthespaceweathereventsof610september2017 AT oaghogho multiinstrumentinvestigationoftheimpactofthespaceweathereventsof610september2017 AT elijahooyeyemi multiinstrumentinvestigationoftheimpactofthespaceweathereventsof610september2017 |