Hydrogels of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Dermal Delivery Systems for Dexamethasone
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study is an attempt to reveal the potential of two types of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAM). These IPNs were evaluated for their potential for d...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/62 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832587725833764864 |
|---|---|
| author | Marin Simeonov Bistra Kostova Rositsa Mihaylova Elena Vassileva |
| author_facet | Marin Simeonov Bistra Kostova Rositsa Mihaylova Elena Vassileva |
| author_sort | Marin Simeonov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study is an attempt to reveal the potential of two types of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAM). These IPNs were evaluated for their potential for dermal delivery of the hydrophobic drug dexamethasone (DEX). <b>Methods</b>: The two types of IPNs were analyzed for their rheological behavior, swelling characteristics, and drug-loading capacity with DEX. Drug release profiles were studied in Franz diffusion cells in PBS media. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the PHEMA/PDMAM-based IPNs was studied against T-cell lymphoma cells (HUT-78) and a normal murine fibroblast cell line (CCL-1). <b>Results</b>: The rheological properties of these hydrogels show suitable mechanical properties for dermal application, with G′ values of ~10 kPa. From the rheological data, the mesh size of these hydrogels was found to be influenced by the type of the IPN and its composition, varying between 6.5 and 50 nm. The loading capacity of both IPN types and DEX entrapment efficiency were highly influenced by the IPN’s composition. The loading capacity of the IPNs can reach ~3.5%, with a DEX entrapment efficiency of ~35%. The PHEMA/PDMAM IPNs demonstrate an extended release profile with up to ~95% DEX released in 24 h, while PDMAM/PHEMA IPNs release no more than ~25% DEX in 24 h. The drug release profiles follow either non-Fickian diffusion (n~0.6) or case-II transport (n~0.9–1), depending on the IPN’s composition. The PHEMA/PDMAM-based materials were found to be non-cytotoxic against HUT-78 and CCL-1 cells. <b>Conclusions</b>: The study reveals that the IPNs of PHEMA and PDMAM appear to be suitable platforms for dermal delivery of dexamethasone as they have appropriate mechanical properties, providing tools to control drug loading and release, and they are biocompatible with human skin cells. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9989f731c8134fd694e44b6ede3c4340 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-9989f731c8134fd694e44b6ede3c43402025-01-24T13:45:46ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-01-011716210.3390/pharmaceutics17010062Hydrogels of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Dermal Delivery Systems for DexamethasoneMarin Simeonov0Bistra Kostova1Rositsa Mihaylova2Elena Vassileva3Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, BulgariaLaboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study is an attempt to reveal the potential of two types of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAM). These IPNs were evaluated for their potential for dermal delivery of the hydrophobic drug dexamethasone (DEX). <b>Methods</b>: The two types of IPNs were analyzed for their rheological behavior, swelling characteristics, and drug-loading capacity with DEX. Drug release profiles were studied in Franz diffusion cells in PBS media. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the PHEMA/PDMAM-based IPNs was studied against T-cell lymphoma cells (HUT-78) and a normal murine fibroblast cell line (CCL-1). <b>Results</b>: The rheological properties of these hydrogels show suitable mechanical properties for dermal application, with G′ values of ~10 kPa. From the rheological data, the mesh size of these hydrogels was found to be influenced by the type of the IPN and its composition, varying between 6.5 and 50 nm. The loading capacity of both IPN types and DEX entrapment efficiency were highly influenced by the IPN’s composition. The loading capacity of the IPNs can reach ~3.5%, with a DEX entrapment efficiency of ~35%. The PHEMA/PDMAM IPNs demonstrate an extended release profile with up to ~95% DEX released in 24 h, while PDMAM/PHEMA IPNs release no more than ~25% DEX in 24 h. The drug release profiles follow either non-Fickian diffusion (n~0.6) or case-II transport (n~0.9–1), depending on the IPN’s composition. The PHEMA/PDMAM-based materials were found to be non-cytotoxic against HUT-78 and CCL-1 cells. <b>Conclusions</b>: The study reveals that the IPNs of PHEMA and PDMAM appear to be suitable platforms for dermal delivery of dexamethasone as they have appropriate mechanical properties, providing tools to control drug loading and release, and they are biocompatible with human skin cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/62interpenetrating polymer networkshydrogelsdexamethasonedrug deliverydermal applicationnon-cytotoxic |
| spellingShingle | Marin Simeonov Bistra Kostova Rositsa Mihaylova Elena Vassileva Hydrogels of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Dermal Delivery Systems for Dexamethasone Pharmaceutics interpenetrating polymer networks hydrogels dexamethasone drug delivery dermal application non-cytotoxic |
| title | Hydrogels of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Dermal Delivery Systems for Dexamethasone |
| title_full | Hydrogels of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Dermal Delivery Systems for Dexamethasone |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogels of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Dermal Delivery Systems for Dexamethasone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogels of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Dermal Delivery Systems for Dexamethasone |
| title_short | Hydrogels of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Dermal Delivery Systems for Dexamethasone |
| title_sort | hydrogels of poly 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate and poly n n dimethylacrylamide interpenetrating polymer networks as dermal delivery systems for dexamethasone |
| topic | interpenetrating polymer networks hydrogels dexamethasone drug delivery dermal application non-cytotoxic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/62 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marinsimeonov hydrogelsofpoly2hydroxyethylmethacrylateandpolynndimethylacrylamideinterpenetratingpolymernetworksasdermaldeliverysystemsfordexamethasone AT bistrakostova hydrogelsofpoly2hydroxyethylmethacrylateandpolynndimethylacrylamideinterpenetratingpolymernetworksasdermaldeliverysystemsfordexamethasone AT rositsamihaylova hydrogelsofpoly2hydroxyethylmethacrylateandpolynndimethylacrylamideinterpenetratingpolymernetworksasdermaldeliverysystemsfordexamethasone AT elenavassileva hydrogelsofpoly2hydroxyethylmethacrylateandpolynndimethylacrylamideinterpenetratingpolymernetworksasdermaldeliverysystemsfordexamethasone |