Succinate modulates oral dysbiosis and inflammation through a succinate receptor 1 dependent mechanism in aged mice

Abstract Aging involves the accumulation of various forms of molecular and cellular damage over time. Key features of aging, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, dysbiosis, and oxidative stress, are closely linked and largely driven by inflammation. This study examines the role of succinate, a key met...

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Main Authors: Fangxi Xu, Yuqi Guo, Scott C. Thomas, Anish Saxena, Samantha Hwang, Mridula Vardhan, Xin Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of Oral Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00376-6
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author Fangxi Xu
Yuqi Guo
Scott C. Thomas
Anish Saxena
Samantha Hwang
Mridula Vardhan
Xin Li
author_facet Fangxi Xu
Yuqi Guo
Scott C. Thomas
Anish Saxena
Samantha Hwang
Mridula Vardhan
Xin Li
author_sort Fangxi Xu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Aging involves the accumulation of various forms of molecular and cellular damage over time. Key features of aging, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, dysbiosis, and oxidative stress, are closely linked and largely driven by inflammation. This study examines the role of succinate, a key metabolite produced and utilized by cells of both host and microbes, and its receptor, succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1), in age-related oral dysbiosis and inflammation. We examined young and aged wild-type (WT) and SUCNR1 knockout (KO) mice for this analysis. Our findings revealed significant aging-associated alveolar bone loss and succinate elevation in aged WT mice, along with notable changes in the oral microbiome. Conversely, aged KO mice showed reduced bone loss, lower succinate levels, less inflammation, and better-maintained microbial function. These results suggest that SUCNR1 is crucial in influencing aging-related succinate elevation, oral dysbiosis, and inflammation. Analysis of gene families and pathways in the oral microbiome demonstrated distinct aging-related changes between WT and KO mice, with the functional potential being preserved in the KO-aged group. This study underscores the importance of succinate elevation and signaling through SUCNR1 in regulating inflammation, alveolar bone loss, and shifts in the oral microbiome, offering potential targets for therapeutic interventions in age-related oral health issues.
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spelling doaj-art-997ec2799bd448f59db00ecd8fc75c3b2025-08-20T03:45:11ZengNature Publishing GroupInternational Journal of Oral Science2049-31692025-06-0117111110.1038/s41368-025-00376-6Succinate modulates oral dysbiosis and inflammation through a succinate receptor 1 dependent mechanism in aged miceFangxi Xu0Yuqi Guo1Scott C. Thomas2Anish Saxena3Samantha Hwang4Mridula Vardhan5Xin Li6Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of DentistryDepartment of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of DentistryDepartment of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of DentistryDepartment of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of DentistryDepartment of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of DentistryDepartment of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of DentistryDepartment of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of DentistryAbstract Aging involves the accumulation of various forms of molecular and cellular damage over time. Key features of aging, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, dysbiosis, and oxidative stress, are closely linked and largely driven by inflammation. This study examines the role of succinate, a key metabolite produced and utilized by cells of both host and microbes, and its receptor, succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1), in age-related oral dysbiosis and inflammation. We examined young and aged wild-type (WT) and SUCNR1 knockout (KO) mice for this analysis. Our findings revealed significant aging-associated alveolar bone loss and succinate elevation in aged WT mice, along with notable changes in the oral microbiome. Conversely, aged KO mice showed reduced bone loss, lower succinate levels, less inflammation, and better-maintained microbial function. These results suggest that SUCNR1 is crucial in influencing aging-related succinate elevation, oral dysbiosis, and inflammation. Analysis of gene families and pathways in the oral microbiome demonstrated distinct aging-related changes between WT and KO mice, with the functional potential being preserved in the KO-aged group. This study underscores the importance of succinate elevation and signaling through SUCNR1 in regulating inflammation, alveolar bone loss, and shifts in the oral microbiome, offering potential targets for therapeutic interventions in age-related oral health issues.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00376-6
spellingShingle Fangxi Xu
Yuqi Guo
Scott C. Thomas
Anish Saxena
Samantha Hwang
Mridula Vardhan
Xin Li
Succinate modulates oral dysbiosis and inflammation through a succinate receptor 1 dependent mechanism in aged mice
International Journal of Oral Science
title Succinate modulates oral dysbiosis and inflammation through a succinate receptor 1 dependent mechanism in aged mice
title_full Succinate modulates oral dysbiosis and inflammation through a succinate receptor 1 dependent mechanism in aged mice
title_fullStr Succinate modulates oral dysbiosis and inflammation through a succinate receptor 1 dependent mechanism in aged mice
title_full_unstemmed Succinate modulates oral dysbiosis and inflammation through a succinate receptor 1 dependent mechanism in aged mice
title_short Succinate modulates oral dysbiosis and inflammation through a succinate receptor 1 dependent mechanism in aged mice
title_sort succinate modulates oral dysbiosis and inflammation through a succinate receptor 1 dependent mechanism in aged mice
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00376-6
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