Taming Variability in T-Cell Mechanosensing

A central step in T-cell immunotherapy is the expansion of a starting population into therapeutically potent numbers of these “living drugs”. This process can be enhanced by replacing the mechanically stiff materials used for activation with softer counterparts. However, this mechanosensitive expans...

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Main Authors: Paula J. Schultheiss, Aarya Pulkundwar, Wangqi Li, Lance C. Kam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/3/203
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author Paula J. Schultheiss
Aarya Pulkundwar
Wangqi Li
Lance C. Kam
author_facet Paula J. Schultheiss
Aarya Pulkundwar
Wangqi Li
Lance C. Kam
author_sort Paula J. Schultheiss
collection DOAJ
description A central step in T-cell immunotherapy is the expansion of a starting population into therapeutically potent numbers of these “living drugs”. This process can be enhanced by replacing the mechanically stiff materials used for activation with softer counterparts. However, this mechanosensitive expansion response varies between individuals, impeding the full deployment of potential cell immunotherapy. This report identifies the sources of this variability, ultimately improving the reliability of T-cell expansion. T cells from a cohort of healthy donors were phenotypically characterized, activated, and expanded in vitro on soft and hard substrates, capturing and quantifying a wide range of mechanosensing responses. An analysis of expansion against demographic and phenotypic features correlated mechanosensing with the percentage of effector T cells (T<sub>Eff</sub>s) in the starting population. Depletion experiments confirmed that T<sub>Eff</sub>s mediate mechanosensitive expansion but also suggest that these cells are not responsible for large-scale cell production. Instead, population-level expansion results from interactions between T-cell subtypes. By providing a framework and experimental approach to understanding donor variability, the results of this study will improve the success and reliability of T-cell immunotherapy.
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spelling doaj-art-99711ea6a71749e79ae3d1509491f2fc2025-08-20T02:12:38ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-01-0114320310.3390/cells14030203Taming Variability in T-Cell MechanosensingPaula J. Schultheiss0Aarya Pulkundwar1Wangqi Li2Lance C. Kam3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USADepartment of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USAA central step in T-cell immunotherapy is the expansion of a starting population into therapeutically potent numbers of these “living drugs”. This process can be enhanced by replacing the mechanically stiff materials used for activation with softer counterparts. However, this mechanosensitive expansion response varies between individuals, impeding the full deployment of potential cell immunotherapy. This report identifies the sources of this variability, ultimately improving the reliability of T-cell expansion. T cells from a cohort of healthy donors were phenotypically characterized, activated, and expanded in vitro on soft and hard substrates, capturing and quantifying a wide range of mechanosensing responses. An analysis of expansion against demographic and phenotypic features correlated mechanosensing with the percentage of effector T cells (T<sub>Eff</sub>s) in the starting population. Depletion experiments confirmed that T<sub>Eff</sub>s mediate mechanosensitive expansion but also suggest that these cells are not responsible for large-scale cell production. Instead, population-level expansion results from interactions between T-cell subtypes. By providing a framework and experimental approach to understanding donor variability, the results of this study will improve the success and reliability of T-cell immunotherapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/3/203CAR T-cell therapiesbiomaterialsmechanosensingimmunotherapy
spellingShingle Paula J. Schultheiss
Aarya Pulkundwar
Wangqi Li
Lance C. Kam
Taming Variability in T-Cell Mechanosensing
Cells
CAR T-cell therapies
biomaterials
mechanosensing
immunotherapy
title Taming Variability in T-Cell Mechanosensing
title_full Taming Variability in T-Cell Mechanosensing
title_fullStr Taming Variability in T-Cell Mechanosensing
title_full_unstemmed Taming Variability in T-Cell Mechanosensing
title_short Taming Variability in T-Cell Mechanosensing
title_sort taming variability in t cell mechanosensing
topic CAR T-cell therapies
biomaterials
mechanosensing
immunotherapy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/3/203
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