How interpersonal closeness and social image concerns shape Pay-What-You-Want decisions independently: evidence from two large-scale online experiments

IntroductionThis study explores the interplay between two key drivers of prosocial behavior: social image concerns and interpersonal closeness. By disentangling their independent and combined effects in a Pay-What-You-Want setting, we provide new insights into their roles in shaping prosocial behavi...

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Main Author: Elisa Hofmann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Behavioral Economics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1536983/full
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author Elisa Hofmann
author_facet Elisa Hofmann
author_sort Elisa Hofmann
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThis study explores the interplay between two key drivers of prosocial behavior: social image concerns and interpersonal closeness. By disentangling their independent and combined effects in a Pay-What-You-Want setting, we provide new insights into their roles in shaping prosocial behavior.MethodsUsing a 4 x 2 between-subjects design, we disentangled the effect of interpersonal closeness between the buyers on four levels (closeness effect) and the effect of social image concerns on two levels of payment observability (audience effect). We conducted two large-scale online experiments involving voluntary payments for a hypothetical purchase of an entrance ticket to the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Study 1 included 1,034 participants, and Study 2 (a replication study) included 995 participants.ResultsWe found that both channels, interpersonal closeness and social image concerns, independently increase voluntary payments significantly. Hence, their effects on prosocial behavior are additive.DiscussionOur findings validate prior research through high external validity, the use of innovative methodological approaches, and large non-student samples. The findings offer practical insights for structuring payment environments when implementing Pay-What-You-Want pricing strategies in market-based settings. Specifically, Pay-What-You-Want settings can be designed either to enable the observability of payments or to allow buyers to consume alongside interpersonally close others. Both approaches could independently enhance revenue.
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spelling doaj-art-9964f771e8984446bbf20a375e33ac0d2025-08-20T03:46:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Behavioral Economics2813-52962025-06-01410.3389/frbhe.2025.15369831536983How interpersonal closeness and social image concerns shape Pay-What-You-Want decisions independently: evidence from two large-scale online experimentsElisa HofmannIntroductionThis study explores the interplay between two key drivers of prosocial behavior: social image concerns and interpersonal closeness. By disentangling their independent and combined effects in a Pay-What-You-Want setting, we provide new insights into their roles in shaping prosocial behavior.MethodsUsing a 4 x 2 between-subjects design, we disentangled the effect of interpersonal closeness between the buyers on four levels (closeness effect) and the effect of social image concerns on two levels of payment observability (audience effect). We conducted two large-scale online experiments involving voluntary payments for a hypothetical purchase of an entrance ticket to the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Study 1 included 1,034 participants, and Study 2 (a replication study) included 995 participants.ResultsWe found that both channels, interpersonal closeness and social image concerns, independently increase voluntary payments significantly. Hence, their effects on prosocial behavior are additive.DiscussionOur findings validate prior research through high external validity, the use of innovative methodological approaches, and large non-student samples. The findings offer practical insights for structuring payment environments when implementing Pay-What-You-Want pricing strategies in market-based settings. Specifically, Pay-What-You-Want settings can be designed either to enable the observability of payments or to allow buyers to consume alongside interpersonally close others. Both approaches could independently enhance revenue.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1536983/fullPay-What-You-Wantprosocial behaviorinterpersonal closenesssocial image concernspayment observabilityexperiment
spellingShingle Elisa Hofmann
How interpersonal closeness and social image concerns shape Pay-What-You-Want decisions independently: evidence from two large-scale online experiments
Frontiers in Behavioral Economics
Pay-What-You-Want
prosocial behavior
interpersonal closeness
social image concerns
payment observability
experiment
title How interpersonal closeness and social image concerns shape Pay-What-You-Want decisions independently: evidence from two large-scale online experiments
title_full How interpersonal closeness and social image concerns shape Pay-What-You-Want decisions independently: evidence from two large-scale online experiments
title_fullStr How interpersonal closeness and social image concerns shape Pay-What-You-Want decisions independently: evidence from two large-scale online experiments
title_full_unstemmed How interpersonal closeness and social image concerns shape Pay-What-You-Want decisions independently: evidence from two large-scale online experiments
title_short How interpersonal closeness and social image concerns shape Pay-What-You-Want decisions independently: evidence from two large-scale online experiments
title_sort how interpersonal closeness and social image concerns shape pay what you want decisions independently evidence from two large scale online experiments
topic Pay-What-You-Want
prosocial behavior
interpersonal closeness
social image concerns
payment observability
experiment
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1536983/full
work_keys_str_mv AT elisahofmann howinterpersonalclosenessandsocialimageconcernsshapepaywhatyouwantdecisionsindependentlyevidencefromtwolargescaleonlineexperiments