Evaluation of Baryte Ores from Selected Sites in Obubra Mine of Cross River State, Nigeria, for Application as a Weighting Agent in Drilling Fluid: A Physical Characterization

Baryte, a non-metallic mineral, is used primarily for the formulation of drilling mud to control reservoir pressure during drilling. However, despite its abundant reserves in Nigeria, the international oil companies (IOC) operating in Nigeria still apply imported baryte for operations. Therefore, in...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Utibe Edem, Oji Akuma, Ayoade Kuye, Ogbonna Joel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Reaserch Institute of Petroleum Industry 2024-07-01
Series:Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://jpst.ripi.ir/article_1491_2141551b9bd978d09fc8f12dfabeabbe.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849234353510416384
author Utibe Edem
Oji Akuma
Ayoade Kuye
Ogbonna Joel
author_facet Utibe Edem
Oji Akuma
Ayoade Kuye
Ogbonna Joel
author_sort Utibe Edem
collection DOAJ
description Baryte, a non-metallic mineral, is used primarily for the formulation of drilling mud to control reservoir pressure during drilling. However, despite its abundant reserves in Nigeria, the international oil companies (IOC) operating in Nigeria still apply imported baryte for operations. Therefore, in this research, the physical properties (specific gravity (SG), hardness and moisture content (MC, and pH)), of baryte deposits from 5 selected sites in Obubra mine of Cross River State, were determined and compared, vis-à-vis the API specifications, to ascertain their suitability for use in oil drilling. The white powder obtained from a streak test on the 5 ores indicated that all were indeed baryte ores. Furthermore, the samples were separately washed, dried, crushed, ground, and milled. In addition, the ore’s hardness of 3.5, and MC range of 0.00-0.01%, and pH range of 7-7.4, were all within the API specifications. Moreover, readings from the SG obtained were; site 1=4.25, site 2 = 4.28, site 3 = 4.32, site 4 = 4.12 and site 5 = 3.37. Thus, baryte in sites 3 and 5 recorded the highest and lowest SG, respectively. Ultimately, these results showed that ores from sites 1, 2, and 3 meet the API 4.20 specification for drilling purposes. At a SG of 4.12, site 4 sample, fell slightly below 4.20, while site 5 sample was unsuitable for drilling. Therefore, baryte from sites 4 and 5 should be further processed to meet the API SG specification for drilling. These findings prove that Obubra baryte possesses crucial criteria for drilling mud formulation.
format Article
id doaj-art-994f6d32477f481a829f39b969dcd0c8
institution Kabale University
issn 2251-659X
2645-3312
language English
publishDate 2024-07-01
publisher Reaserch Institute of Petroleum Industry
record_format Article
series Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology
spelling doaj-art-994f6d32477f481a829f39b969dcd0c82025-08-20T04:03:12ZengReaserch Institute of Petroleum IndustryJournal of Petroleum Science and Technology2251-659X2645-33122024-07-01143111710.22078/jpst.2025.5475.19671491Evaluation of Baryte Ores from Selected Sites in Obubra Mine of Cross River State, Nigeria, for Application as a Weighting Agent in Drilling Fluid: A Physical CharacterizationUtibe Edem0Oji Akuma1Ayoade Kuye2Ogbonna Joel3Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, NigeriaWorld Bank African Centre of Excellence for Oilfields Chemical Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, NigeriaBaryte, a non-metallic mineral, is used primarily for the formulation of drilling mud to control reservoir pressure during drilling. However, despite its abundant reserves in Nigeria, the international oil companies (IOC) operating in Nigeria still apply imported baryte for operations. Therefore, in this research, the physical properties (specific gravity (SG), hardness and moisture content (MC, and pH)), of baryte deposits from 5 selected sites in Obubra mine of Cross River State, were determined and compared, vis-à-vis the API specifications, to ascertain their suitability for use in oil drilling. The white powder obtained from a streak test on the 5 ores indicated that all were indeed baryte ores. Furthermore, the samples were separately washed, dried, crushed, ground, and milled. In addition, the ore’s hardness of 3.5, and MC range of 0.00-0.01%, and pH range of 7-7.4, were all within the API specifications. Moreover, readings from the SG obtained were; site 1=4.25, site 2 = 4.28, site 3 = 4.32, site 4 = 4.12 and site 5 = 3.37. Thus, baryte in sites 3 and 5 recorded the highest and lowest SG, respectively. Ultimately, these results showed that ores from sites 1, 2, and 3 meet the API 4.20 specification for drilling purposes. At a SG of 4.12, site 4 sample, fell slightly below 4.20, while site 5 sample was unsuitable for drilling. Therefore, baryte from sites 4 and 5 should be further processed to meet the API SG specification for drilling. These findings prove that Obubra baryte possesses crucial criteria for drilling mud formulation.https://jpst.ripi.ir/article_1491_2141551b9bd978d09fc8f12dfabeabbe.pdfbaryte orespecific gravityhardnessmoisture contentobubra
spellingShingle Utibe Edem
Oji Akuma
Ayoade Kuye
Ogbonna Joel
Evaluation of Baryte Ores from Selected Sites in Obubra Mine of Cross River State, Nigeria, for Application as a Weighting Agent in Drilling Fluid: A Physical Characterization
Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology
baryte ore
specific gravity
hardness
moisture content
obubra
title Evaluation of Baryte Ores from Selected Sites in Obubra Mine of Cross River State, Nigeria, for Application as a Weighting Agent in Drilling Fluid: A Physical Characterization
title_full Evaluation of Baryte Ores from Selected Sites in Obubra Mine of Cross River State, Nigeria, for Application as a Weighting Agent in Drilling Fluid: A Physical Characterization
title_fullStr Evaluation of Baryte Ores from Selected Sites in Obubra Mine of Cross River State, Nigeria, for Application as a Weighting Agent in Drilling Fluid: A Physical Characterization
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Baryte Ores from Selected Sites in Obubra Mine of Cross River State, Nigeria, for Application as a Weighting Agent in Drilling Fluid: A Physical Characterization
title_short Evaluation of Baryte Ores from Selected Sites in Obubra Mine of Cross River State, Nigeria, for Application as a Weighting Agent in Drilling Fluid: A Physical Characterization
title_sort evaluation of baryte ores from selected sites in obubra mine of cross river state nigeria for application as a weighting agent in drilling fluid a physical characterization
topic baryte ore
specific gravity
hardness
moisture content
obubra
url https://jpst.ripi.ir/article_1491_2141551b9bd978d09fc8f12dfabeabbe.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT utibeedem evaluationofbaryteoresfromselectedsitesinobubramineofcrossriverstatenigeriaforapplicationasaweightingagentindrillingfluidaphysicalcharacterization
AT ojiakuma evaluationofbaryteoresfromselectedsitesinobubramineofcrossriverstatenigeriaforapplicationasaweightingagentindrillingfluidaphysicalcharacterization
AT ayoadekuye evaluationofbaryteoresfromselectedsitesinobubramineofcrossriverstatenigeriaforapplicationasaweightingagentindrillingfluidaphysicalcharacterization
AT ogbonnajoel evaluationofbaryteoresfromselectedsitesinobubramineofcrossriverstatenigeriaforapplicationasaweightingagentindrillingfluidaphysicalcharacterization