A clear distinction and presence of Acropora aff. divaricata within Acropora cf. solitaryensis species complex along their biogeographic distribution in East Asia

Abstract In the Anthropocene, scleractinian corals face unprecedented threats from synergistic stressors, including rising seawater temperatures that surpass critical thresholds that lead to global coral reef degradation. With over 1,698 coral species in the order Scleractinia, their conservation is...

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Main Authors: Savanna Wenhua Chow, Chih-Hsun Chen, Du-Yang Tsai, Takuma Mezaki, Satoshi Kubota, Hernyi Justin Hsieh, Shashank Keshavmurthy, Chaolun Allen Chen
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90051-x
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author Savanna Wenhua Chow
Chih-Hsun Chen
Du-Yang Tsai
Takuma Mezaki
Satoshi Kubota
Hernyi Justin Hsieh
Shashank Keshavmurthy
Chaolun Allen Chen
author_facet Savanna Wenhua Chow
Chih-Hsun Chen
Du-Yang Tsai
Takuma Mezaki
Satoshi Kubota
Hernyi Justin Hsieh
Shashank Keshavmurthy
Chaolun Allen Chen
author_sort Savanna Wenhua Chow
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In the Anthropocene, scleractinian corals face unprecedented threats from synergistic stressors, including rising seawater temperatures that surpass critical thresholds that lead to global coral reef degradation. With over 1,698 coral species in the order Scleractinia, their conservation is increasingly complex due to their morphological plasticity and the challenge of accurate species identification. The genus Acropora, with approximately 400 nominal species, exemplifies these challenges, as morphological traits often vary within and among species, complicating taxonomic efforts. Traditional methods based on skeletal characteristics are insufficient for delineating Acropora species, prompting the use of integrative approaches combining morphology, reproduction, and molecular data. In this study, we employ multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphometric measurements to distinguish different growth forms of Acropora cf. solitaryensis as distinct species and delineate the species range boundaries of A. aff. divaricata and A. cf. solitaryensis in East Asian coral ecosystems. We identify arborescent and intermediate morphotypes belonging to A. aff. divaricata, which is distributed from tropical reefs in southeastern Taiwan to temperate non-reefal communities in Shikoku, Japan. Conversely, the solid-plate morphotype aligns with A. cf. solitaryensis from the holotype locality at Solitary Island, Australia, found primarily in subtropical non-reefal regions in northern Taiwan and Japan. The distinct distribution patterns of A. aff. divaricata and A. cf. solitaryensis underscore the necessity for biogeographic sampling in Acropora taxonomy, considering the Kuroshio Current’s impact on coral distributions, and a re-evaluation of poleward coral migration or expansion due to climate change. Our findings challenge the traditional taxonomy of A. aff. divaricata and A. cf. solitaryensis, revealing that they may instead encompass multiple species. This has significant implications for coral conservation strategies, as accurate species identification is crucial for understanding coral responses to environmental changes and informing conservation efforts in the face of climate change.
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spelling doaj-art-994d16834ee8402f8ea1e4716bc964cc2025-08-20T03:41:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-90051-xA clear distinction and presence of Acropora aff. divaricata within Acropora cf. solitaryensis species complex along their biogeographic distribution in East AsiaSavanna Wenhua Chow0Chih-Hsun Chen1Du-Yang Tsai2Takuma Mezaki3Satoshi Kubota4Hernyi Justin Hsieh5Shashank Keshavmurthy6Chaolun Allen Chen7Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal UniversityDepartment of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal UniversityBiodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaKuroshio Biological Research InstituteKuroshio Science Unit, Kochi UniversityPenghu Marine Biology Research Center, Fisheries Research InstituteBiodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaDepartment of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal UniversityAbstract In the Anthropocene, scleractinian corals face unprecedented threats from synergistic stressors, including rising seawater temperatures that surpass critical thresholds that lead to global coral reef degradation. With over 1,698 coral species in the order Scleractinia, their conservation is increasingly complex due to their morphological plasticity and the challenge of accurate species identification. The genus Acropora, with approximately 400 nominal species, exemplifies these challenges, as morphological traits often vary within and among species, complicating taxonomic efforts. Traditional methods based on skeletal characteristics are insufficient for delineating Acropora species, prompting the use of integrative approaches combining morphology, reproduction, and molecular data. In this study, we employ multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphometric measurements to distinguish different growth forms of Acropora cf. solitaryensis as distinct species and delineate the species range boundaries of A. aff. divaricata and A. cf. solitaryensis in East Asian coral ecosystems. We identify arborescent and intermediate morphotypes belonging to A. aff. divaricata, which is distributed from tropical reefs in southeastern Taiwan to temperate non-reefal communities in Shikoku, Japan. Conversely, the solid-plate morphotype aligns with A. cf. solitaryensis from the holotype locality at Solitary Island, Australia, found primarily in subtropical non-reefal regions in northern Taiwan and Japan. The distinct distribution patterns of A. aff. divaricata and A. cf. solitaryensis underscore the necessity for biogeographic sampling in Acropora taxonomy, considering the Kuroshio Current’s impact on coral distributions, and a re-evaluation of poleward coral migration or expansion due to climate change. Our findings challenge the traditional taxonomy of A. aff. divaricata and A. cf. solitaryensis, revealing that they may instead encompass multiple species. This has significant implications for coral conservation strategies, as accurate species identification is crucial for understanding coral responses to environmental changes and informing conservation efforts in the face of climate change.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90051-xAcroporaSpecies complexCoral ecosystems in East AsiaTaiwanJapanHigh-latitude
spellingShingle Savanna Wenhua Chow
Chih-Hsun Chen
Du-Yang Tsai
Takuma Mezaki
Satoshi Kubota
Hernyi Justin Hsieh
Shashank Keshavmurthy
Chaolun Allen Chen
A clear distinction and presence of Acropora aff. divaricata within Acropora cf. solitaryensis species complex along their biogeographic distribution in East Asia
Scientific Reports
Acropora
Species complex
Coral ecosystems in East Asia
Taiwan
Japan
High-latitude
title A clear distinction and presence of Acropora aff. divaricata within Acropora cf. solitaryensis species complex along their biogeographic distribution in East Asia
title_full A clear distinction and presence of Acropora aff. divaricata within Acropora cf. solitaryensis species complex along their biogeographic distribution in East Asia
title_fullStr A clear distinction and presence of Acropora aff. divaricata within Acropora cf. solitaryensis species complex along their biogeographic distribution in East Asia
title_full_unstemmed A clear distinction and presence of Acropora aff. divaricata within Acropora cf. solitaryensis species complex along their biogeographic distribution in East Asia
title_short A clear distinction and presence of Acropora aff. divaricata within Acropora cf. solitaryensis species complex along their biogeographic distribution in East Asia
title_sort clear distinction and presence of acropora aff divaricata within acropora cf solitaryensis species complex along their biogeographic distribution in east asia
topic Acropora
Species complex
Coral ecosystems in East Asia
Taiwan
Japan
High-latitude
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90051-x
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