Investigating the Variation and Periodicity of TXS 0506+056

TXS 0506+056 is a blazar associated with neutrino events. The study on its variation mechanics and periodicity analysis is meaningful to understand other BL Lac objects. The local cross-correlation function (LCCF) analysis presents a 3<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xianglin Miao, Yunguo Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Universe
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/7/204
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Summary:TXS 0506+056 is a blazar associated with neutrino events. The study on its variation mechanics and periodicity analysis is meaningful to understand other BL Lac objects. The local cross-correlation function (LCCF) analysis presents a 3<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>σ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> correlation in both the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-ray versus optical and optical versus radio light curves. The time lag analysis suggests that the optical and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-ray band share the same emission region, located upstream of the radio band in the jet. We use both the weighted wavelet Z-transform and generalized Lomb–Scargle methods to analyze the periodicity. We find two plausible quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msubsup><mn>506</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>56</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>133</mn></mrow></msubsup></semantics></math></inline-formula> days and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msubsup><mn>175</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></msubsup></semantics></math></inline-formula> days for the light curve of the optical band. For the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-ray band, we find that the spectrum varies with the softer when brighter (SWB) trend, which could be explained naturally if a stable very high energy component exists. For the optical band, TXS 0506+056 exhibits a harder when brighter (HWB) trend. We discover a trend transition from HWB to SWB in the X-ray band, which could be modeled by the shift in peak frequency assuming that the X-ray emission is composed of the synchrotron and the inverse Compton (IC) components. The flux correlations of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-ray and optical bands behave anomalously during the period of neutrino events, indicating that there are possible other hadronic components associated with neutrino.
ISSN:2218-1997