Grafting enhances drought stress tolerance by regulating the proteome and targeted gene regulatory networks in tomato

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a widely cultivated yet perishable crop, depends heavily on adequate sunlight and water for optimal growth and productivity. However, due to unavoidable environmental and climatic changes—particularly drought—its productivity has declined in recent years. Grafting, an...

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Main Authors: Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra, Dong Won Bae, Michitaka Notaguchi, Sowbiya Muneer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1591437/full
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author Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra
Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra
Dong Won Bae
Michitaka Notaguchi
Sowbiya Muneer
author_facet Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra
Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra
Dong Won Bae
Michitaka Notaguchi
Sowbiya Muneer
author_sort Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra
collection DOAJ
description Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a widely cultivated yet perishable crop, depends heavily on adequate sunlight and water for optimal growth and productivity. However, due to unavoidable environmental and climatic changes—particularly drought—its productivity has declined in recent years. Grafting, an ancient horticultural practice, is known to enhance yield and combat abiotic stress by regulating physiological and cellular processes. The present study investigated drought tolerance in tomato at both the proteomic and transcriptomic levels. During the initial physiological screening stage, two drought-resistant genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum were selected as rootstocks and drought-susceptible genotypes as scions. Among six genotypes evaluated under drought stress (based on relative water content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and stomatal conductance), graft combinations G1 and G4 demonstrated superior performance. These combinations were subsequently selected for molecular analyses to investigate gene expression patterns and stress-responsive pathways. Our findings revealed that grafting susceptible tomato genotypes onto resistant rootstocks mitigated the deleterious effects of drought stress by improving photosynthetic pigment levels and reducing oxidative stress. A proteomic investigation observed that grafting improved cellular responses, metabolic processes, and stress response pathways. Furthermore, transcriptomic studies of stress-related genes, including DREB, WRKY, PIPs, SOD, CAT, APX, HSPs, and LOX, revealed enhanced stress tolerance in the G1 and G4 graft combinations.
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spelling doaj-art-99395b38288c425ebffded27d5ef82682025-08-20T05:32:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-08-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15914371591437Grafting enhances drought stress tolerance by regulating the proteome and targeted gene regulatory networks in tomatoPritam Paramguru Mahapatra0Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra1Dong Won Bae2Michitaka Notaguchi3Sowbiya Muneer4Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, Department of Horticulture and Food Science, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaCentral Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanHorticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, Department of Horticulture and Food Science, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaTomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a widely cultivated yet perishable crop, depends heavily on adequate sunlight and water for optimal growth and productivity. However, due to unavoidable environmental and climatic changes—particularly drought—its productivity has declined in recent years. Grafting, an ancient horticultural practice, is known to enhance yield and combat abiotic stress by regulating physiological and cellular processes. The present study investigated drought tolerance in tomato at both the proteomic and transcriptomic levels. During the initial physiological screening stage, two drought-resistant genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum were selected as rootstocks and drought-susceptible genotypes as scions. Among six genotypes evaluated under drought stress (based on relative water content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and stomatal conductance), graft combinations G1 and G4 demonstrated superior performance. These combinations were subsequently selected for molecular analyses to investigate gene expression patterns and stress-responsive pathways. Our findings revealed that grafting susceptible tomato genotypes onto resistant rootstocks mitigated the deleterious effects of drought stress by improving photosynthetic pigment levels and reducing oxidative stress. A proteomic investigation observed that grafting improved cellular responses, metabolic processes, and stress response pathways. Furthermore, transcriptomic studies of stress-related genes, including DREB, WRKY, PIPs, SOD, CAT, APX, HSPs, and LOX, revealed enhanced stress tolerance in the G1 and G4 graft combinations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1591437/fulldroughtgene-regulatory networkproteomeresistantstress tolerancetomato
spellingShingle Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra
Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra
Dong Won Bae
Michitaka Notaguchi
Sowbiya Muneer
Grafting enhances drought stress tolerance by regulating the proteome and targeted gene regulatory networks in tomato
Frontiers in Plant Science
drought
gene-regulatory network
proteome
resistant
stress tolerance
tomato
title Grafting enhances drought stress tolerance by regulating the proteome and targeted gene regulatory networks in tomato
title_full Grafting enhances drought stress tolerance by regulating the proteome and targeted gene regulatory networks in tomato
title_fullStr Grafting enhances drought stress tolerance by regulating the proteome and targeted gene regulatory networks in tomato
title_full_unstemmed Grafting enhances drought stress tolerance by regulating the proteome and targeted gene regulatory networks in tomato
title_short Grafting enhances drought stress tolerance by regulating the proteome and targeted gene regulatory networks in tomato
title_sort grafting enhances drought stress tolerance by regulating the proteome and targeted gene regulatory networks in tomato
topic drought
gene-regulatory network
proteome
resistant
stress tolerance
tomato
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1591437/full
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AT dongwonbae graftingenhancesdroughtstresstolerancebyregulatingtheproteomeandtargetedgeneregulatorynetworksintomato
AT michitakanotaguchi graftingenhancesdroughtstresstolerancebyregulatingtheproteomeandtargetedgeneregulatorynetworksintomato
AT sowbiyamuneer graftingenhancesdroughtstresstolerancebyregulatingtheproteomeandtargetedgeneregulatorynetworksintomato