Hydrogen–electric–thermal coupling analysis and validation of superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system

The superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system (TEHPS) integrates superconducting technology and hydrogen energy technology, presenting a potential solution to achieve efficient and high-power propulsion. This study focuses on the design of a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting TEHPS...

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Main Authors: Mingliang Bai, Wenjiang Yang, Ruopu Zhang, Zibing Qu, Juzhuang Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525001024
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author Mingliang Bai
Wenjiang Yang
Ruopu Zhang
Zibing Qu
Juzhuang Yan
author_facet Mingliang Bai
Wenjiang Yang
Ruopu Zhang
Zibing Qu
Juzhuang Yan
author_sort Mingliang Bai
collection DOAJ
description The superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system (TEHPS) integrates superconducting technology and hydrogen energy technology, presenting a potential solution to achieve efficient and high-power propulsion. This study focuses on the design of a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting TEHPS, incorporating detailed models for key components, including the hydrogen turbine engine, fuel cell, and superconducting machines. A comprehensive hydrogen–electric–thermal (HET) analysis framework is introduced to optimize system fuel and temperature performance, with feasibility and effectiveness evaluated under conservative, baseline, and optimistic 2035 scenarios. Simulation results for typical mission profiles demonstrate that a hybrid propulsion scheme, combining the engine and fuel cell during takeoff, climb, and cruise phases, and utilizing either the engine or fuel cell alone during the descent phase, can effectively balance fuel and coolant demands, leading to a fuel consumption reduction of up to 22.3% in the optimistic scenario. Improvements in component parameters can significantly reduce the powertrain mass, increase power-to-weight ratio and enhance energy conversion efficiency. Under the optimistic scenario, the system achieves a peak power density of 2.15 kW/kg and an energy conversion efficiency of 75%. Furthermore, a scaled ground testbed for the superconducting TEHPS validated the feasibility of cryogenic cooling, superconducting generators, and hybrid-electric distributed propulsion technologies.
format Article
id doaj-art-99205e5e96254a5cbcbd6125a3f3f855
institution DOAJ
issn 0142-0615
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
spelling doaj-art-99205e5e96254a5cbcbd6125a3f3f8552025-08-20T03:09:03ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems0142-06152025-06-0116711055110.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110551Hydrogen–electric–thermal coupling analysis and validation of superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion systemMingliang Bai0Wenjiang Yang1Ruopu Zhang2Zibing Qu3Juzhuang Yan4School of Astronautics, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No. 37, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, ChinaSchool of Astronautics, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No. 37, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Aircraft and Propulsion Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo, 315100, China; Corresponding author.School of Astronautics, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No. 37, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, ChinaSchool of Astronautics, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No. 37, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, ChinaSchool of Astronautics, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No. 37, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, ChinaThe superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system (TEHPS) integrates superconducting technology and hydrogen energy technology, presenting a potential solution to achieve efficient and high-power propulsion. This study focuses on the design of a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting TEHPS, incorporating detailed models for key components, including the hydrogen turbine engine, fuel cell, and superconducting machines. A comprehensive hydrogen–electric–thermal (HET) analysis framework is introduced to optimize system fuel and temperature performance, with feasibility and effectiveness evaluated under conservative, baseline, and optimistic 2035 scenarios. Simulation results for typical mission profiles demonstrate that a hybrid propulsion scheme, combining the engine and fuel cell during takeoff, climb, and cruise phases, and utilizing either the engine or fuel cell alone during the descent phase, can effectively balance fuel and coolant demands, leading to a fuel consumption reduction of up to 22.3% in the optimistic scenario. Improvements in component parameters can significantly reduce the powertrain mass, increase power-to-weight ratio and enhance energy conversion efficiency. Under the optimistic scenario, the system achieves a peak power density of 2.15 kW/kg and an energy conversion efficiency of 75%. Furthermore, a scaled ground testbed for the superconducting TEHPS validated the feasibility of cryogenic cooling, superconducting generators, and hybrid-electric distributed propulsion technologies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525001024Superconducting machinesExperimental validationHybrid electric propulsion systemHydrogen fuel cellHydrogen-powered aircraftLiquid hydrogen cooling
spellingShingle Mingliang Bai
Wenjiang Yang
Ruopu Zhang
Zibing Qu
Juzhuang Yan
Hydrogen–electric–thermal coupling analysis and validation of superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Superconducting machines
Experimental validation
Hybrid electric propulsion system
Hydrogen fuel cell
Hydrogen-powered aircraft
Liquid hydrogen cooling
title Hydrogen–electric–thermal coupling analysis and validation of superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system
title_full Hydrogen–electric–thermal coupling analysis and validation of superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system
title_fullStr Hydrogen–electric–thermal coupling analysis and validation of superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system
title_full_unstemmed Hydrogen–electric–thermal coupling analysis and validation of superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system
title_short Hydrogen–electric–thermal coupling analysis and validation of superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system
title_sort hydrogen electric thermal coupling analysis and validation of superconducting turbo electric hybrid propulsion system
topic Superconducting machines
Experimental validation
Hybrid electric propulsion system
Hydrogen fuel cell
Hydrogen-powered aircraft
Liquid hydrogen cooling
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525001024
work_keys_str_mv AT mingliangbai hydrogenelectricthermalcouplinganalysisandvalidationofsuperconductingturboelectrichybridpropulsionsystem
AT wenjiangyang hydrogenelectricthermalcouplinganalysisandvalidationofsuperconductingturboelectrichybridpropulsionsystem
AT ruopuzhang hydrogenelectricthermalcouplinganalysisandvalidationofsuperconductingturboelectrichybridpropulsionsystem
AT zibingqu hydrogenelectricthermalcouplinganalysisandvalidationofsuperconductingturboelectrichybridpropulsionsystem
AT juzhuangyan hydrogenelectricthermalcouplinganalysisandvalidationofsuperconductingturboelectrichybridpropulsionsystem