High-Concentration Time-Frequency Representation and Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Frequency-Crossing Signals

Frequency-crossing signals are widely found in nature and various engineering systems. Currently, achieving high-resolution time-frequency (TF) representation and accurate instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation for these signals presents a challenge and is a significant area of research. This paper...

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Main Authors: Hui Li, Xiangxiang Zhu, Yingfei Wang, Xinpeng Cai, Zhuosheng Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2030
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author Hui Li
Xiangxiang Zhu
Yingfei Wang
Xinpeng Cai
Zhuosheng Zhang
author_facet Hui Li
Xiangxiang Zhu
Yingfei Wang
Xinpeng Cai
Zhuosheng Zhang
author_sort Hui Li
collection DOAJ
description Frequency-crossing signals are widely found in nature and various engineering systems. Currently, achieving high-resolution time-frequency (TF) representation and accurate instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation for these signals presents a challenge and is a significant area of research. This paper proposes a solution that includes a high-concentration TF representation network and an IF separation and estimation network, designed specifically for analyzing frequency-crossing signals using classical TF analysis and U-net techniques. Through TF data generation, the construction of a U-net, and training, the high-concentration TF representation network achieves high-resolution TF characterization of different frequency-crossing signals. The IF separation and estimation network, with its discriminant model, offers flexibility in determining the number of components within multi-component signals. Following this, the separation network model, with an equal number of components, is utilized for signal separation and IF estimation. Finally, a comparison is performed against the short-time Fourier transform, synchrosqueezing transform, and convolutional neural network. Experimental validation shows that our proposed approach achieves high TF concentration, exhibiting robust noise immunity and enabling precise characterization of the time-varying law of frequency-crossing signals.
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spelling doaj-art-991dac0a68f844bd96315d0fba1e4f192025-08-20T02:09:22ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-03-01257203010.3390/s25072030High-Concentration Time-Frequency Representation and Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Frequency-Crossing SignalsHui Li0Xiangxiang Zhu1Yingfei Wang2Xinpeng Cai3Zhuosheng Zhang4School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, ChinaSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, MOE Key Laboratory for Complexity Science in Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, ChinaSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, MOE Key Laboratory for Complexity Science in Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, ChinaSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, MOE Key Laboratory for Complexity Science in Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, ChinaShenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518106, ChinaFrequency-crossing signals are widely found in nature and various engineering systems. Currently, achieving high-resolution time-frequency (TF) representation and accurate instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation for these signals presents a challenge and is a significant area of research. This paper proposes a solution that includes a high-concentration TF representation network and an IF separation and estimation network, designed specifically for analyzing frequency-crossing signals using classical TF analysis and U-net techniques. Through TF data generation, the construction of a U-net, and training, the high-concentration TF representation network achieves high-resolution TF characterization of different frequency-crossing signals. The IF separation and estimation network, with its discriminant model, offers flexibility in determining the number of components within multi-component signals. Following this, the separation network model, with an equal number of components, is utilized for signal separation and IF estimation. Finally, a comparison is performed against the short-time Fourier transform, synchrosqueezing transform, and convolutional neural network. Experimental validation shows that our proposed approach achieves high TF concentration, exhibiting robust noise immunity and enabling precise characterization of the time-varying law of frequency-crossing signals.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2030time-frequency analysisinstantaneous frequency estimationfully convolutional networkcross-over instantaneous frequency
spellingShingle Hui Li
Xiangxiang Zhu
Yingfei Wang
Xinpeng Cai
Zhuosheng Zhang
High-Concentration Time-Frequency Representation and Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Frequency-Crossing Signals
Sensors
time-frequency analysis
instantaneous frequency estimation
fully convolutional network
cross-over instantaneous frequency
title High-Concentration Time-Frequency Representation and Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Frequency-Crossing Signals
title_full High-Concentration Time-Frequency Representation and Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Frequency-Crossing Signals
title_fullStr High-Concentration Time-Frequency Representation and Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Frequency-Crossing Signals
title_full_unstemmed High-Concentration Time-Frequency Representation and Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Frequency-Crossing Signals
title_short High-Concentration Time-Frequency Representation and Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Frequency-Crossing Signals
title_sort high concentration time frequency representation and instantaneous frequency estimation of frequency crossing signals
topic time-frequency analysis
instantaneous frequency estimation
fully convolutional network
cross-over instantaneous frequency
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2030
work_keys_str_mv AT huili highconcentrationtimefrequencyrepresentationandinstantaneousfrequencyestimationoffrequencycrossingsignals
AT xiangxiangzhu highconcentrationtimefrequencyrepresentationandinstantaneousfrequencyestimationoffrequencycrossingsignals
AT yingfeiwang highconcentrationtimefrequencyrepresentationandinstantaneousfrequencyestimationoffrequencycrossingsignals
AT xinpengcai highconcentrationtimefrequencyrepresentationandinstantaneousfrequencyestimationoffrequencycrossingsignals
AT zhuoshengzhang highconcentrationtimefrequencyrepresentationandinstantaneousfrequencyestimationoffrequencycrossingsignals