Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking Dementia

Background. Anti-neuronal autoimmunity may cause cognitive impairment that meets the criteria for dementia. Objective. Our aim was to detect the incidence and clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis imitating clinical findings of primary dementia disorders and to delineate the validity of anti-...

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Main Authors: Arzu Çoban, Cem İsmail Küçükali, Başar Bilgiç, Nazlı Yalçınkaya, Hazal Haytural, Canan Ulusoy, Selin Turan, Sibel Çakır, Alp Üçok, Hüseyin Ünübol, Hasmet A. Hanagasi, Hakan Gürvit, Erdem Tüzün
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2014-01-01
Series:Behavioural Neurology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/935379
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author Arzu Çoban
Cem İsmail Küçükali
Başar Bilgiç
Nazlı Yalçınkaya
Hazal Haytural
Canan Ulusoy
Selin Turan
Sibel Çakır
Alp Üçok
Hüseyin Ünübol
Hasmet A. Hanagasi
Hakan Gürvit
Erdem Tüzün
author_facet Arzu Çoban
Cem İsmail Küçükali
Başar Bilgiç
Nazlı Yalçınkaya
Hazal Haytural
Canan Ulusoy
Selin Turan
Sibel Çakır
Alp Üçok
Hüseyin Ünübol
Hasmet A. Hanagasi
Hakan Gürvit
Erdem Tüzün
author_sort Arzu Çoban
collection DOAJ
description Background. Anti-neuronal autoimmunity may cause cognitive impairment that meets the criteria for dementia. Objective. Our aim was to detect the incidence and clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis imitating clinical findings of primary dementia disorders and to delineate the validity of anti-neuronal antibody screening in dementia patients. Methods. Fifty consecutive patients fulfilling the clinical criteria for primary dementia, 130 control patients, and 50 healthy controls were included. Their sera were investigated for several ion channel and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies by a cell-based assay, radioimmunoassay, and ELISA, as required. Results. Sixteen patients satisfying dementia criteria had atypical findings or findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody was detected in a patient with dementia, Parkinsonism, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) fulfilling the criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). One control patient with bipolar disease displayed low anti-GAD antibody levels. Conclusions. Our study showed for the first time the presence of parkinsonism and RBD in an anti-NMDAR encephalitis patient mimicking DLB. Although autoimmune encephalitis patients may occasionally present with cognitive decline, most dementia patients do not exhibit anti-neuronal antibodies, suggesting that routine analysis of these antibodies in dementia is not mandatory, even though they display atypical features.
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institution Kabale University
issn 0953-4180
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series Behavioural Neurology
spelling doaj-art-9918cfd713df48de96dee654a115ed0a2025-08-20T03:37:05ZengWileyBehavioural Neurology0953-41801875-85842014-01-01201410.1155/2014/935379935379Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking DementiaArzu Çoban0Cem İsmail Küçükali1Başar Bilgiç2Nazlı Yalçınkaya3Hazal Haytural4Canan Ulusoy5Selin Turan6Sibel Çakır7Alp Üçok8Hüseyin Ünübol9Hasmet A. Hanagasi10Hakan Gürvit11Erdem Tüzün12Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet Caddesi, Capa, 34390 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet Caddesi, Capa, 34390 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Psychiatry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34390 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Psychiatry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34390 Istanbul, TurkeyIstanbul Erenkoy Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders Hospital, 34736 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet Caddesi, Capa, 34390 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet Caddesi, Capa, 34390 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, TurkeyBackground. Anti-neuronal autoimmunity may cause cognitive impairment that meets the criteria for dementia. Objective. Our aim was to detect the incidence and clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis imitating clinical findings of primary dementia disorders and to delineate the validity of anti-neuronal antibody screening in dementia patients. Methods. Fifty consecutive patients fulfilling the clinical criteria for primary dementia, 130 control patients, and 50 healthy controls were included. Their sera were investigated for several ion channel and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies by a cell-based assay, radioimmunoassay, and ELISA, as required. Results. Sixteen patients satisfying dementia criteria had atypical findings or findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody was detected in a patient with dementia, Parkinsonism, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) fulfilling the criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). One control patient with bipolar disease displayed low anti-GAD antibody levels. Conclusions. Our study showed for the first time the presence of parkinsonism and RBD in an anti-NMDAR encephalitis patient mimicking DLB. Although autoimmune encephalitis patients may occasionally present with cognitive decline, most dementia patients do not exhibit anti-neuronal antibodies, suggesting that routine analysis of these antibodies in dementia is not mandatory, even though they display atypical features.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/935379
spellingShingle Arzu Çoban
Cem İsmail Küçükali
Başar Bilgiç
Nazlı Yalçınkaya
Hazal Haytural
Canan Ulusoy
Selin Turan
Sibel Çakır
Alp Üçok
Hüseyin Ünübol
Hasmet A. Hanagasi
Hakan Gürvit
Erdem Tüzün
Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking Dementia
Behavioural Neurology
title Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking Dementia
title_full Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking Dementia
title_fullStr Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking Dementia
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking Dementia
title_short Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking Dementia
title_sort evaluation of incidence and clinical features of antibody associated autoimmune encephalitis mimicking dementia
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/935379
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