Interpreting optical effects with relativistic transformations adopting one-way synchronization to conserve simultaneity and space–time continuity

We revise the optical effects of the Sagnac type where the moving closed contour is traversed by a photon in the observable invariant time interval TT. Light propagation is described using relativistic transformations adopting an internal one-way synchronization procedure, not equivalent to the stan...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Spavieri Gianfranco, Haug Espen Gaarder
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-03-01
Series:Open Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2025-0127
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850040907553832960
author Spavieri Gianfranco
Haug Espen Gaarder
author_facet Spavieri Gianfranco
Haug Espen Gaarder
author_sort Spavieri Gianfranco
collection DOAJ
description We revise the optical effects of the Sagnac type where the moving closed contour is traversed by a photon in the observable invariant time interval TT. Light propagation is described using relativistic transformations adopting an internal one-way synchronization procedure, not equivalent to the standard two-way Einstein synchronization. We show that for the reciprocal linear Sagnac effect, where the emitter–receiver C*C* is stationary and the contour is in motion, TT is no longer invariant for the standard Lorentz transforms, reflecting a weak form of the relativity principle. Instead, the relativity principle is fully preserved and TT is invariant for transforms based on conservation of simultaneity. We prove that in the standard linear Sagnac effect, if the local one-way speed along the optical fiber is assumed to be cc, the photon cannot cover the whole closed contour in the interval TT. The uncovered “missing” section reflects a breach in spacetime continuity related to the “time gap” of the transforms based on relative simultaneity. Our revision confirms the well-known result that the Lorentz transforms fail in interpreting these effects. Together with other examples, the results of the reciprocal linear effect invalidate the conventionalist claim that relative and absolute simultaneity are equivalent. The reciprocal effect can then be used for testing Lorentz and light speed invariance.
format Article
id doaj-art-9916c58e5d8948d986fe19b435c1ed94
institution DOAJ
issn 2391-5471
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher De Gruyter
record_format Article
series Open Physics
spelling doaj-art-9916c58e5d8948d986fe19b435c1ed942025-08-20T02:55:56ZengDe GruyterOpen Physics2391-54712025-03-0123110611010.1515/phys-2025-0127Interpreting optical effects with relativistic transformations adopting one-way synchronization to conserve simultaneity and space–time continuitySpavieri Gianfranco0Haug Espen Gaarder1Centro de Física Fundamental, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101 VenezuelaNorwegian University of Life Sciences, Christian Magnus Falsensvei 18, 1433 Ås, NorwayWe revise the optical effects of the Sagnac type where the moving closed contour is traversed by a photon in the observable invariant time interval TT. Light propagation is described using relativistic transformations adopting an internal one-way synchronization procedure, not equivalent to the standard two-way Einstein synchronization. We show that for the reciprocal linear Sagnac effect, where the emitter–receiver C*C* is stationary and the contour is in motion, TT is no longer invariant for the standard Lorentz transforms, reflecting a weak form of the relativity principle. Instead, the relativity principle is fully preserved and TT is invariant for transforms based on conservation of simultaneity. We prove that in the standard linear Sagnac effect, if the local one-way speed along the optical fiber is assumed to be cc, the photon cannot cover the whole closed contour in the interval TT. The uncovered “missing” section reflects a breach in spacetime continuity related to the “time gap” of the transforms based on relative simultaneity. Our revision confirms the well-known result that the Lorentz transforms fail in interpreting these effects. Together with other examples, the results of the reciprocal linear effect invalidate the conventionalist claim that relative and absolute simultaneity are equivalent. The reciprocal effect can then be used for testing Lorentz and light speed invariance.https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2025-0127one-way speed of lightsagnac effectlorentz invarianceconservation of simultaneityrelativity principlefoundations of relativity theory
spellingShingle Spavieri Gianfranco
Haug Espen Gaarder
Interpreting optical effects with relativistic transformations adopting one-way synchronization to conserve simultaneity and space–time continuity
Open Physics
one-way speed of light
sagnac effect
lorentz invariance
conservation of simultaneity
relativity principle
foundations of relativity theory
title Interpreting optical effects with relativistic transformations adopting one-way synchronization to conserve simultaneity and space–time continuity
title_full Interpreting optical effects with relativistic transformations adopting one-way synchronization to conserve simultaneity and space–time continuity
title_fullStr Interpreting optical effects with relativistic transformations adopting one-way synchronization to conserve simultaneity and space–time continuity
title_full_unstemmed Interpreting optical effects with relativistic transformations adopting one-way synchronization to conserve simultaneity and space–time continuity
title_short Interpreting optical effects with relativistic transformations adopting one-way synchronization to conserve simultaneity and space–time continuity
title_sort interpreting optical effects with relativistic transformations adopting one way synchronization to conserve simultaneity and space time continuity
topic one-way speed of light
sagnac effect
lorentz invariance
conservation of simultaneity
relativity principle
foundations of relativity theory
url https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2025-0127
work_keys_str_mv AT spavierigianfranco interpretingopticaleffectswithrelativistictransformationsadoptingonewaysynchronizationtoconservesimultaneityandspacetimecontinuity
AT haugespengaarder interpretingopticaleffectswithrelativistictransformationsadoptingonewaysynchronizationtoconservesimultaneityandspacetimecontinuity