Optimizing Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Performance Using Carbon-Based Materials: Insights into Pressure and Surface Area Effects

Efficient hydrogen storage is critical for advancing hydrogen-based technologies. This study investigates the effects of pressure and surface area on hydrogen storage in three carbon-based materials: graphite, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide. Hydrogen adsorption–desorption experiments und...

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Main Authors: Ali Altuntepe, Selahattin Çelik, Recep Zan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Hydrogen
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/6/2/22
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author Ali Altuntepe
Selahattin Çelik
Recep Zan
author_facet Ali Altuntepe
Selahattin Çelik
Recep Zan
author_sort Ali Altuntepe
collection DOAJ
description Efficient hydrogen storage is critical for advancing hydrogen-based technologies. This study investigates the effects of pressure and surface area on hydrogen storage in three carbon-based materials: graphite, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide. Hydrogen adsorption–desorption experiments under pressures ranging from 1 to 9 bar revealed nonlinear storage capacity responses, with optimal performance at around 5 bar. The specific surface area plays a pivotal role, with reduced graphene oxide and exhibiting a surface area of 70.31 m<sup>2</sup>/g, outperforming graphene oxide (33.75 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and graphite (7.27 m<sup>2</sup>/g). Reduced graphene oxide achieved the highest hydrogen storage capacity, with 768 sccm and a 3 wt.% increase over the other materials. In assessing proton-exchange fuel cell performance, this study found that increased hydrogen storage correlates with enhanced power density, with reduced graphene oxide reaching a maximum of 0.082 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, compared to 0.071 W/cm<sup>2</sup> for graphite and 0.017 W/cm<sup>2</sup> for graphene oxide. However, desorption rates impose temporal constraints on fuel cell operation. These findings enhance our understanding of pressure–surface interactions and underscore the balance between hydrogen storage capacity, surface area, and practical performance in carbon-based materials, offering valuable insights for hydrogen storage and fuel cell applications.
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spelling doaj-art-9912ea77d7b14d818fd9e62986b021d02025-08-20T02:21:02ZengMDPI AGHydrogen2673-41412025-03-01622210.3390/hydrogen6020022Optimizing Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Performance Using Carbon-Based Materials: Insights into Pressure and Surface Area EffectsAli Altuntepe0Selahattin Çelik1Recep Zan2Optical Excellence Application and Research Center, Sivas University of Science and Technology, 58000 Sivas, TürkiyeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06760 Ankara, TürkiyeDepartment of Physics, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51000 Niğde, TürkiyeEfficient hydrogen storage is critical for advancing hydrogen-based technologies. This study investigates the effects of pressure and surface area on hydrogen storage in three carbon-based materials: graphite, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide. Hydrogen adsorption–desorption experiments under pressures ranging from 1 to 9 bar revealed nonlinear storage capacity responses, with optimal performance at around 5 bar. The specific surface area plays a pivotal role, with reduced graphene oxide and exhibiting a surface area of 70.31 m<sup>2</sup>/g, outperforming graphene oxide (33.75 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and graphite (7.27 m<sup>2</sup>/g). Reduced graphene oxide achieved the highest hydrogen storage capacity, with 768 sccm and a 3 wt.% increase over the other materials. In assessing proton-exchange fuel cell performance, this study found that increased hydrogen storage correlates with enhanced power density, with reduced graphene oxide reaching a maximum of 0.082 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, compared to 0.071 W/cm<sup>2</sup> for graphite and 0.017 W/cm<sup>2</sup> for graphene oxide. However, desorption rates impose temporal constraints on fuel cell operation. These findings enhance our understanding of pressure–surface interactions and underscore the balance between hydrogen storage capacity, surface area, and practical performance in carbon-based materials, offering valuable insights for hydrogen storage and fuel cell applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/6/2/22hydrogen storagegraphiteGOrGOPEM fuel cellspressure
spellingShingle Ali Altuntepe
Selahattin Çelik
Recep Zan
Optimizing Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Performance Using Carbon-Based Materials: Insights into Pressure and Surface Area Effects
Hydrogen
hydrogen storage
graphite
GO
rGO
PEM fuel cells
pressure
title Optimizing Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Performance Using Carbon-Based Materials: Insights into Pressure and Surface Area Effects
title_full Optimizing Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Performance Using Carbon-Based Materials: Insights into Pressure and Surface Area Effects
title_fullStr Optimizing Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Performance Using Carbon-Based Materials: Insights into Pressure and Surface Area Effects
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Performance Using Carbon-Based Materials: Insights into Pressure and Surface Area Effects
title_short Optimizing Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Performance Using Carbon-Based Materials: Insights into Pressure and Surface Area Effects
title_sort optimizing hydrogen storage and fuel cell performance using carbon based materials insights into pressure and surface area effects
topic hydrogen storage
graphite
GO
rGO
PEM fuel cells
pressure
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/6/2/22
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AT selahattincelik optimizinghydrogenstorageandfuelcellperformanceusingcarbonbasedmaterialsinsightsintopressureandsurfaceareaeffects
AT recepzan optimizinghydrogenstorageandfuelcellperformanceusingcarbonbasedmaterialsinsightsintopressureandsurfaceareaeffects