The first year of assisted dying in New Zealand through the lens of healthcare professionals not directly involved in the process

Abstract Background New Zealand’s End of Life Choice Act 2019 was enacted in 2021, allowing terminally ill people experiencing unbearable suffering to request assisted dying if they are expected to die within six months. Healthcare professionals not directly involved in assisted dying provision may...

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Main Authors: Waqas Arshad, Aida Dehkhoda, Melissa Carey, David B. Menkes, Nicholas Hoeh, Frederick Sundram, Rosemary Frey, Gary Cheung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Palliative Care
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-025-01838-8
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author Waqas Arshad
Aida Dehkhoda
Melissa Carey
David B. Menkes
Nicholas Hoeh
Frederick Sundram
Rosemary Frey
Gary Cheung
author_facet Waqas Arshad
Aida Dehkhoda
Melissa Carey
David B. Menkes
Nicholas Hoeh
Frederick Sundram
Rosemary Frey
Gary Cheung
author_sort Waqas Arshad
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background New Zealand’s End of Life Choice Act 2019 was enacted in 2021, allowing terminally ill people experiencing unbearable suffering to request assisted dying if they are expected to die within six months. Healthcare professionals not directly involved in assisted dying provision may have unique perspectives on implementation, yet this remains under-explored. Methods This qualitative study was conducted between June and November 2022. We used purposive and snowball sampling to recruit potential participants through various sources, including the Ministry of Health’s assisted dying training and communication email list. A multidisciplinary research team developed a semi-structured interview guide. The individual interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed to identify core themes. Results Ten healthcare professionals with palliative and primary care backgrounds participated. Five main themes were generated: diverse views on assisted dying; views on the End of Life Choice Act; the interface between palliative care and assisted dying services; education on palliative care and assisted dying; and self-care coping and support. Participants expressed varied attitudes and ethical concerns, with most emphasising the need for reforms in eligibility criteria and improved public understanding. These healthcare professionals provided valuable insights into the broader impact of assisted dying on the healthcare system and the complexities of integrating it with palliative care. Conclusions Integration between palliative care and assisted dying services is crucial for delivering patient-centred care and addressing stigma surrounding end-of-life choices in New Zealand. Adapting international policies around eligibility criteria and safeguards can help streamline the process.
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spelling doaj-art-9909458170a64dbd8a6e16629e061dd32025-08-20T03:46:23ZengBMCBMC Palliative Care1472-684X2025-07-012411810.1186/s12904-025-01838-8The first year of assisted dying in New Zealand through the lens of healthcare professionals not directly involved in the processWaqas Arshad0Aida Dehkhoda1Melissa Carey2David B. Menkes3Nicholas Hoeh4Frederick Sundram5Rosemary Frey6Gary Cheung7Department of Liaison Psychiatry, North Shore Hospital, Health New Zealand Te Whatu Ora - WaitemataDepartment of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of AucklandSchool of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of AucklandDepartment of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of AucklandDepartment of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of AucklandDepartment of Liaison Psychiatry, North Shore Hospital, Health New Zealand Te Whatu Ora - WaitemataSchool of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of AucklandDepartment of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of AucklandAbstract Background New Zealand’s End of Life Choice Act 2019 was enacted in 2021, allowing terminally ill people experiencing unbearable suffering to request assisted dying if they are expected to die within six months. Healthcare professionals not directly involved in assisted dying provision may have unique perspectives on implementation, yet this remains under-explored. Methods This qualitative study was conducted between June and November 2022. We used purposive and snowball sampling to recruit potential participants through various sources, including the Ministry of Health’s assisted dying training and communication email list. A multidisciplinary research team developed a semi-structured interview guide. The individual interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed to identify core themes. Results Ten healthcare professionals with palliative and primary care backgrounds participated. Five main themes were generated: diverse views on assisted dying; views on the End of Life Choice Act; the interface between palliative care and assisted dying services; education on palliative care and assisted dying; and self-care coping and support. Participants expressed varied attitudes and ethical concerns, with most emphasising the need for reforms in eligibility criteria and improved public understanding. These healthcare professionals provided valuable insights into the broader impact of assisted dying on the healthcare system and the complexities of integrating it with palliative care. Conclusions Integration between palliative care and assisted dying services is crucial for delivering patient-centred care and addressing stigma surrounding end-of-life choices in New Zealand. Adapting international policies around eligibility criteria and safeguards can help streamline the process.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-025-01838-8Assisted dyingEthicsPalliative careLegal frameworksSupport systems
spellingShingle Waqas Arshad
Aida Dehkhoda
Melissa Carey
David B. Menkes
Nicholas Hoeh
Frederick Sundram
Rosemary Frey
Gary Cheung
The first year of assisted dying in New Zealand through the lens of healthcare professionals not directly involved in the process
BMC Palliative Care
Assisted dying
Ethics
Palliative care
Legal frameworks
Support systems
title The first year of assisted dying in New Zealand through the lens of healthcare professionals not directly involved in the process
title_full The first year of assisted dying in New Zealand through the lens of healthcare professionals not directly involved in the process
title_fullStr The first year of assisted dying in New Zealand through the lens of healthcare professionals not directly involved in the process
title_full_unstemmed The first year of assisted dying in New Zealand through the lens of healthcare professionals not directly involved in the process
title_short The first year of assisted dying in New Zealand through the lens of healthcare professionals not directly involved in the process
title_sort first year of assisted dying in new zealand through the lens of healthcare professionals not directly involved in the process
topic Assisted dying
Ethics
Palliative care
Legal frameworks
Support systems
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-025-01838-8
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