The efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam or polymyxin B based regimens for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: a multicenter real-world and propensity score-matched study

IntroductionCarbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) infections pose a critical clinical challenge. Although ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) and polymyxin B (PMB) are frontline therapies, their comparative effectiveness in terms of 30-day survival, renal safety profiles, and clinical succe...

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Main Authors: Wen-Ming Long, Wei-Xin Xu, Qin Hu, Qiang Qu, Xiao-Li Wu, Ying Chen, Qing Wan, Tian-Tian Xu, Yue Luo, Jian Qu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1533952/full
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author Wen-Ming Long
Wen-Ming Long
Wei-Xin Xu
Qin Hu
Qiang Qu
Xiao-Li Wu
Ying Chen
Qing Wan
Tian-Tian Xu
Yue Luo
Jian Qu
Jian Qu
author_facet Wen-Ming Long
Wen-Ming Long
Wei-Xin Xu
Qin Hu
Qiang Qu
Xiao-Li Wu
Ying Chen
Qing Wan
Tian-Tian Xu
Yue Luo
Jian Qu
Jian Qu
author_sort Wen-Ming Long
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionCarbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) infections pose a critical clinical challenge. Although ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) and polymyxin B (PMB) are frontline therapies, their comparative effectiveness in terms of 30-day survival, renal safety profiles, and clinical success rates remains poorly characterized. To address this knowledge gap, a multicenter real-world study was conducted.MethodsCRPA-infected patients treated with PMB or CAZ/AVI-based regimens were enrolled from five hospitals between January 1, 2021, to July 31, 2023. Propensity score matching (PSM) and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate efficacy and acute renal injury (AKI) occurrence, and a multivariable COX proportional hazards regression of the 30-day all-cause mortality was performed.Results170 CRPA-infected patients were enrolled, among whom 124 (72.9%) had difficult-to-treat resistant P. aeruginosa (DTR-PA) infections and 77 (45.3%) received CAZ/AVI-based regimens. After 1:1 PSM, the results demonstrated that the CRPA clearance rate was significantly higher in the CAZ/AVI group compared to the PMB group (61.0% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.001); however, no significant differences were observed in clinical success rates (55.6% vs. 44.4%), incidence of AKI (26.8% vs. 39.0%), or 30-day all-cause mortality (7.3% vs. 12.2%) between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Compared with the PMB-based regimens, CAZ/AVI-based regimens were significantly associated with CRPA clearance success (OR 0.185, 95%CI 0.061–0.564, p < 0.001); additionally, multi-site infection (OR 0.295, 95%CI 0.097–0.899, p = 0.032) and the number of combined anti-PA antibiotics (OR 0.435, 95%CI 0.213–0.888, p = 0.022) were associated with enhanced CRPA clearance. The occurrence of AKI in patients with CRPA infection was associated with underlying diseases, including sepsis/septic shock (OR 3.405, 95%CI 1.007–11.520, p = 0.049), and diabetes mellitus (OR 3.600, 95%CI 1.018–12.733, p = 0.047). In addition, other CREs infection (HR 40.849, 95%CI 3.323–502.170, p = 0.004), APACHE II score (HR 1.072, 95%CI 1.032–1.114, p < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of 30-day all-cause mortality.ConclusionIn conclusion, CAZ/AVI-based regimens demonstrated superior efficacy in clearing CRPA compared to PMB-based regimens. Furthermore, several factors associated with AKI and mortality in CRPA-infected patients were identified, highlighting the need for further research to optimize treatment strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-990943b561bf4e39bee9fc89efa77fa42025-08-20T02:49:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-03-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15339521533952The efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam or polymyxin B based regimens for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: a multicenter real-world and propensity score-matched studyWen-Ming Long0Wen-Ming Long1Wei-Xin Xu2Qin Hu3Qiang Qu4Xiao-Li Wu5Ying Chen6Qing Wan7Tian-Tian Xu8Yue Luo9Jian Qu10Jian Qu11Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Huaihua City (The Central Hospital of Huaihua City), Huaihua, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The People’s Hospital of Liuyang, Liuyang, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaHunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, ChinaIntroductionCarbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) infections pose a critical clinical challenge. Although ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) and polymyxin B (PMB) are frontline therapies, their comparative effectiveness in terms of 30-day survival, renal safety profiles, and clinical success rates remains poorly characterized. To address this knowledge gap, a multicenter real-world study was conducted.MethodsCRPA-infected patients treated with PMB or CAZ/AVI-based regimens were enrolled from five hospitals between January 1, 2021, to July 31, 2023. Propensity score matching (PSM) and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate efficacy and acute renal injury (AKI) occurrence, and a multivariable COX proportional hazards regression of the 30-day all-cause mortality was performed.Results170 CRPA-infected patients were enrolled, among whom 124 (72.9%) had difficult-to-treat resistant P. aeruginosa (DTR-PA) infections and 77 (45.3%) received CAZ/AVI-based regimens. After 1:1 PSM, the results demonstrated that the CRPA clearance rate was significantly higher in the CAZ/AVI group compared to the PMB group (61.0% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.001); however, no significant differences were observed in clinical success rates (55.6% vs. 44.4%), incidence of AKI (26.8% vs. 39.0%), or 30-day all-cause mortality (7.3% vs. 12.2%) between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Compared with the PMB-based regimens, CAZ/AVI-based regimens were significantly associated with CRPA clearance success (OR 0.185, 95%CI 0.061–0.564, p < 0.001); additionally, multi-site infection (OR 0.295, 95%CI 0.097–0.899, p = 0.032) and the number of combined anti-PA antibiotics (OR 0.435, 95%CI 0.213–0.888, p = 0.022) were associated with enhanced CRPA clearance. The occurrence of AKI in patients with CRPA infection was associated with underlying diseases, including sepsis/septic shock (OR 3.405, 95%CI 1.007–11.520, p = 0.049), and diabetes mellitus (OR 3.600, 95%CI 1.018–12.733, p = 0.047). In addition, other CREs infection (HR 40.849, 95%CI 3.323–502.170, p = 0.004), APACHE II score (HR 1.072, 95%CI 1.032–1.114, p < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of 30-day all-cause mortality.ConclusionIn conclusion, CAZ/AVI-based regimens demonstrated superior efficacy in clearing CRPA compared to PMB-based regimens. Furthermore, several factors associated with AKI and mortality in CRPA-infected patients were identified, highlighting the need for further research to optimize treatment strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1533952/fullceftazidime/avibactampolymyxin Bcarbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosareal-world studypropensity score-matchedmicrobiological efficacy
spellingShingle Wen-Ming Long
Wen-Ming Long
Wei-Xin Xu
Qin Hu
Qiang Qu
Xiao-Li Wu
Ying Chen
Qing Wan
Tian-Tian Xu
Yue Luo
Jian Qu
Jian Qu
The efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam or polymyxin B based regimens for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: a multicenter real-world and propensity score-matched study
Frontiers in Pharmacology
ceftazidime/avibactam
polymyxin B
carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
real-world study
propensity score-matched
microbiological efficacy
title The efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam or polymyxin B based regimens for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: a multicenter real-world and propensity score-matched study
title_full The efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam or polymyxin B based regimens for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: a multicenter real-world and propensity score-matched study
title_fullStr The efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam or polymyxin B based regimens for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: a multicenter real-world and propensity score-matched study
title_full_unstemmed The efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam or polymyxin B based regimens for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: a multicenter real-world and propensity score-matched study
title_short The efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam or polymyxin B based regimens for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: a multicenter real-world and propensity score-matched study
title_sort efficacy and safety of ceftazidime avibactam or polymyxin b based regimens for carbapenem resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa infection a multicenter real world and propensity score matched study
topic ceftazidime/avibactam
polymyxin B
carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
real-world study
propensity score-matched
microbiological efficacy
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1533952/full
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