DFT analysis of structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (where X = Ca, Sr, Ba) halide perovskites for optoelectronics

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) alkali-based single halide perovskites using DFT-based first-principles calculations for the first time. This cubic perovskite structu...

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Main Authors: Md. Tarekuzzaman, Md. Hasin Ishraq, Nazmul Shahadath, Md. Raihan Kabir, M. A. Rayhan, Sohail Ahmad, Md. Abdul Qader, Md. Rasheduzzaman, Yasir Arafat, Md. Zahid Hasan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91458-2
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author Md. Tarekuzzaman
Md. Hasin Ishraq
Nazmul Shahadath
Md. Raihan Kabir
M. A. Rayhan
Sohail Ahmad
Md. Abdul Qader
Md. Rasheduzzaman
Yasir Arafat
Md. Zahid Hasan
author_facet Md. Tarekuzzaman
Md. Hasin Ishraq
Nazmul Shahadath
Md. Raihan Kabir
M. A. Rayhan
Sohail Ahmad
Md. Abdul Qader
Md. Rasheduzzaman
Yasir Arafat
Md. Zahid Hasan
author_sort Md. Tarekuzzaman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) alkali-based single halide perovskites using DFT-based first-principles calculations for the first time. This cubic perovskite structure, LiXI3 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba), exhibits positive phonon dispersion curves, confirming these compounds’ dynamical stability. Analysis of the electronic band structure and density of states reveals that LiXI3 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) are indirect band gap semiconductors with band gap values determined using GGA (HSE06) are 2.363 (3.475) eV, 2.363 (3.623) eV & 2.350 (3.698) eV for LiCaI3, LiSrI3, and LiBaI3, respectively. The optical properties of LiXI3 compounds (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) were analyzed, focusing on the dielectric function, absorption coefficient, conductivity, reflectivity, refractive index, and loss function. The study revealed a broad absorption spectrum, high dielectric function, and refractive index at low energy states, along with high conductivity and low loss function and reflectivity, highlighting their potential for use in electronic and optoelectronic devices. The elastic constants were assessed to fulfill stability criteria, confirming the solids mechanical stability and ductility. The Zener anisotropy index (Az) and equivalent anisotropy (Aeq) were calculated, and three-dimensional diagrams of elastic moduli were generated using the ELATE tool, indicating that our studied compounds display anisotropic behavior. Additionally, the low thermal conductivity and Debye temperature suggest that LiXI3 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) are suitable for thermal barrier coating material. Overall, these alkali-based halide perovskites exhibit promising applications in optoelectronics and semiconductors.
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issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-98f1bed76eff4a18933d66902f797ad22025-08-20T03:45:56ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112310.1038/s41598-025-91458-2DFT analysis of structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (where X = Ca, Sr, Ba) halide perovskites for optoelectronicsMd. Tarekuzzaman0Md. Hasin Ishraq1Nazmul Shahadath2Md. Raihan Kabir3M. A. Rayhan4Sohail Ahmad5Md. Abdul Qader6Md. Rasheduzzaman7Yasir Arafat8Md. Zahid Hasan9Materials Research and Simulation Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University ChittagongMaterials Research and Simulation Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University ChittagongMaterials Research and Simulation Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University ChittagongMaterials Research and Simulation Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University ChittagongDepartment of Arts and Sciences, Bangladesh Army University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lamar UniversityMaterials Research and Simulation Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University ChittagongDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University ChittagongMaterials Research and Simulation Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University ChittagongAbstract This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) alkali-based single halide perovskites using DFT-based first-principles calculations for the first time. This cubic perovskite structure, LiXI3 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba), exhibits positive phonon dispersion curves, confirming these compounds’ dynamical stability. Analysis of the electronic band structure and density of states reveals that LiXI3 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) are indirect band gap semiconductors with band gap values determined using GGA (HSE06) are 2.363 (3.475) eV, 2.363 (3.623) eV & 2.350 (3.698) eV for LiCaI3, LiSrI3, and LiBaI3, respectively. The optical properties of LiXI3 compounds (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) were analyzed, focusing on the dielectric function, absorption coefficient, conductivity, reflectivity, refractive index, and loss function. The study revealed a broad absorption spectrum, high dielectric function, and refractive index at low energy states, along with high conductivity and low loss function and reflectivity, highlighting their potential for use in electronic and optoelectronic devices. The elastic constants were assessed to fulfill stability criteria, confirming the solids mechanical stability and ductility. The Zener anisotropy index (Az) and equivalent anisotropy (Aeq) were calculated, and three-dimensional diagrams of elastic moduli were generated using the ELATE tool, indicating that our studied compounds display anisotropic behavior. Additionally, the low thermal conductivity and Debye temperature suggest that LiXI3 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) are suitable for thermal barrier coating material. Overall, these alkali-based halide perovskites exhibit promising applications in optoelectronics and semiconductors.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91458-2Density functional theorySingle halide perovskiteElectronic propertiesOptical propertiesThermal properties
spellingShingle Md. Tarekuzzaman
Md. Hasin Ishraq
Nazmul Shahadath
Md. Raihan Kabir
M. A. Rayhan
Sohail Ahmad
Md. Abdul Qader
Md. Rasheduzzaman
Yasir Arafat
Md. Zahid Hasan
DFT analysis of structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (where X = Ca, Sr, Ba) halide perovskites for optoelectronics
Scientific Reports
Density functional theory
Single halide perovskite
Electronic properties
Optical properties
Thermal properties
title DFT analysis of structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (where X = Ca, Sr, Ba) halide perovskites for optoelectronics
title_full DFT analysis of structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (where X = Ca, Sr, Ba) halide perovskites for optoelectronics
title_fullStr DFT analysis of structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (where X = Ca, Sr, Ba) halide perovskites for optoelectronics
title_full_unstemmed DFT analysis of structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (where X = Ca, Sr, Ba) halide perovskites for optoelectronics
title_short DFT analysis of structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of LiXI3 (where X = Ca, Sr, Ba) halide perovskites for optoelectronics
title_sort dft analysis of structural electronic optical and thermodynamic properties of lixi3 where x ca sr ba halide perovskites for optoelectronics
topic Density functional theory
Single halide perovskite
Electronic properties
Optical properties
Thermal properties
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91458-2
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