Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Manipulators

The inverse kinematics of robotic manipulators involves determining an appropriate joint configuration to achieve a specified end-effector position. This problem is challenging because the inverse kinematics of manipulators are highly nonlinear and complexly coupled. To address this challenge, the b...

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Main Authors: Guojun Zhao, Bo Tao, Du Jiang, Juntong Yun, Hanwen Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Biomimetics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/10/627
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author Guojun Zhao
Bo Tao
Du Jiang
Juntong Yun
Hanwen Fan
author_facet Guojun Zhao
Bo Tao
Du Jiang
Juntong Yun
Hanwen Fan
author_sort Guojun Zhao
collection DOAJ
description The inverse kinematics of robotic manipulators involves determining an appropriate joint configuration to achieve a specified end-effector position. This problem is challenging because the inverse kinematics of manipulators are highly nonlinear and complexly coupled. To address this challenge, the bald eagle search optimization algorithm is introduced. This algorithm combines the advantages of evolutionary and swarm techniques, making it more effective at solving nonlinear problems and improving search efficiency. Due to the tendency of the algorithm to fall into local optima, the Lévy flight strategy is introduced to enhance its performance. This strategy adopts a heavy-tailed distribution to generate long-distance jumps, thereby preventing the algorithm from becoming trapped in local optima and enhancing its global search efficiency. The experiments first evaluated the accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm based on the inverse kinematics problem of manipulators, achieving a solution accuracy of up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>18</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> m. Subsequently, the proposed algorithm was compared with other algorithms using the CEC2017 test functions. The results showed that the improved algorithm significantly outperformed the original in accuracy, convergence speed, and stability. Specifically, it achieved over 70% improvement in both standard deviation and mean for several test functions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Lévy flight strategy in enhancing global search capabilities. Furthermore, the practicality of the proposed algorithm was verified through two real engineering optimization problems.
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spelling doaj-art-98ec18d4cb2d4549bfd23b7fad7eee4d2025-08-20T02:11:14ZengMDPI AGBiomimetics2313-76732024-10-0191062710.3390/biomimetics9100627Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic ManipulatorsGuojun Zhao0Bo Tao1Du Jiang2Juntong Yun3Hanwen Fan4Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, ChinaPrecision Manufacturing Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, ChinaThe inverse kinematics of robotic manipulators involves determining an appropriate joint configuration to achieve a specified end-effector position. This problem is challenging because the inverse kinematics of manipulators are highly nonlinear and complexly coupled. To address this challenge, the bald eagle search optimization algorithm is introduced. This algorithm combines the advantages of evolutionary and swarm techniques, making it more effective at solving nonlinear problems and improving search efficiency. Due to the tendency of the algorithm to fall into local optima, the Lévy flight strategy is introduced to enhance its performance. This strategy adopts a heavy-tailed distribution to generate long-distance jumps, thereby preventing the algorithm from becoming trapped in local optima and enhancing its global search efficiency. The experiments first evaluated the accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm based on the inverse kinematics problem of manipulators, achieving a solution accuracy of up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>18</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> m. Subsequently, the proposed algorithm was compared with other algorithms using the CEC2017 test functions. The results showed that the improved algorithm significantly outperformed the original in accuracy, convergence speed, and stability. Specifically, it achieved over 70% improvement in both standard deviation and mean for several test functions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Lévy flight strategy in enhancing global search capabilities. Furthermore, the practicality of the proposed algorithm was verified through two real engineering optimization problems.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/10/627inverse kinematicsrobotic manipulatorsbald eagle search optimization algorithmLévy flight strategyengineering optimization problem
spellingShingle Guojun Zhao
Bo Tao
Du Jiang
Juntong Yun
Hanwen Fan
Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Manipulators
Biomimetics
inverse kinematics
robotic manipulators
bald eagle search optimization algorithm
Lévy flight strategy
engineering optimization problem
title Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Manipulators
title_full Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Manipulators
title_fullStr Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Manipulators
title_full_unstemmed Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Manipulators
title_short Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Manipulators
title_sort improved bald eagle search optimization algorithm for the inverse kinematics of robotic manipulators
topic inverse kinematics
robotic manipulators
bald eagle search optimization algorithm
Lévy flight strategy
engineering optimization problem
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/10/627
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